Stanley Saitowitz :: essays papers

"THE ESSENTIAL MEDIUM OF ARCHITECTURE IS SPACE. A VOID TO BE FILLED WITH LIFE." (SAITOWITZ) THIS IS WHAT STANLEY SAITOWITZ HAS COME TO BELIEVE AFTER HIS 20 PLUS YEARS AS AN ARCHITECT. THERE IS NOT MUCH HISTORY RECORDED ABOUT THIS PECULIAR ARCHITECT. WHAT WE DO KNOW IS THAT HE IS A SOUTH AFRICAN JEWISH ARCHITECT. HE STARTED HIS CAREER OFF BUILDING SMALL HOMES IN SOUTH AFRICA. HIS MOST FAMOUS EARLY PROJECT IS THE TRANSVAAL HOUSE, FOR WHICH HE LATER WROTE A BOOK ON. ( A HOUSE IN TRANSVAAL, SAITOWITZ 1979) IN THE EARLY EIGHTYS HE MOVED TO THE LUSH HILLS OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA WHERE MANY OF HIS MASTERPIECES RESIDE AS WELL. HIS WORKS ALTHOUGH SCATTER THE HILLSIDES IN NORHTERN CALIFORNIA, ARE ALSO SCATTERED ACROSS THE COUNTRY AS WELL AS INTERNATIONALLY. HIS PROJECTS SPAN IN CERTAIN PLACES SUCH AS BOSTON, COLUMBUS INDIANA, NEW YORK, SAN FRANSISCO AND THE BAY AREA, AND BERLIN. FROM WHAT WE KNOW SAITOWITZ ATTENDED THE UNIVERSITY OF WITWATERSRAND IN JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA. SAITOWITZ’S ROLE MODELS INCLUDE VICTOR HUGO, SOL WEXNER, SIGMUND FREUD AND LE COURBUSIER. SAITOWITZ STATES THAT HE IS "ALWAYS DREAMING ABOUT WHAT LE CORBUSIER WOULD BE DOING TODAY." CORBUSIER’S INFLUENCE CAN BE SEEN IN MANY OF SAITOWITZ’S WORK INCLUDING EXPOSED CONCRETE SURFACES AND SEPERATED STAIR WELLS, AS WELL AS MANY SPACE USAGES AND CURTAIN WALL CONSTRUCTION. ONE OF MY FAVORITE PROJECTS OF SAITOWITZ’S IS THE HOLLOCAUST MEMORIAL. THIS MEMORIAL CONSISTS OF SIX GLASS TOWERS; EACH ETCHED WITH ONE MILLION NUMBERS, SYMBOLIZING THE 6 MILLION INNOCENT JEWS THAT PERISHED UNDER THE EVIL HANDS OF THE NAZIS. THIS IS LOCATED ALONG FREEDOM WAY IN BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. FOR THIS HE EARNED THE HENRY BACON MEDAL, AN HONOR ONLY GIVEN TO 8 PREVIOUS ARCHITECTS SINCE ITS INCEPTION IN 1966 AFTER THE ARCHITECT OF THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL. EACH OF THE BOHEMOTH GLASS TOWERS SITS ASIDE A PIT LIT WITH FIBER-OPTIC LIGHT AND A STEAM GENERATOR. SAITOWITZ STATES THAT "SOME PEOPLE THINK THE PITS OF FIRE SYMBOLIZE THE SIX NAZI DEATH CAMPS, OTHERS FEEL THAT THE WARM AIR RISING UP FROM THE GROUND IS LIKE THAT OF HUMAN BREATH AS IT PASSES THROUGH THE GLASS CHIMNEYS TO HEAVEN." THIS IS VERY SIGNIFICANT TO ME BECAUSE MANY OF MY FAMILY MEMBERS PERISHED LONG BEFORE I WAS BORN IN THE HANDS OF THE NAZIS. MY GRANDPARENTS STILL BEAR THE LIFELONG SCARS, THE TATTOO ENGRAVED ON THEIR ARMS ARE LIFE-LONG REMINDERS OF THE MASS DESTRUCTION OF LIFE THAT OCCURRED IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR.

Scarlett Letter Sin Essay

The Different Shades of Sins An Irish Proverb states â€Å"All Sins cast long shadows. † Throughout the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne viewed the sins as a spectrum of many colors. The novel revolves around Hester Prynne, who is convicted of adultery in colonial Salem by the Puritan society. For her punishment, she is condemned to wear the red scarlet letter â€Å"A† on her chest as a permanent sign of her sin.Exposing to sin and the temptation of its concealment in capricious degrees, Nathaniel Hawthorne demonstrated the different shades of sins through the actions of several main characters, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth. In the beginning of the book, we learn Hester Prynne committed the sin of adultery. Although meant to crush Hester’s spirit, she is proud of her sin and becomes a strong, tough minded character. While the author Hawthorne has Puritan heritage, he portrays Hester as one of the most â€Å"able† of people in Salem because she confessed her sin.While the religious and high ranking citizens of Salem continue to ridicule her for being and adulteress, â€Å"many people refused to interpret the scarlet A by its original signification† (168). The product of this sin was Hester’s daughter Pearl. Unlike the way of the Puritans, Hester creates â€Å"beauty, shining through the gorgeous robes† (87) of Pearl, and thus Pearl stands out in crowds. To Hester, her sin was marrying someone she did not love, Roger Chillingworth. In the eyes of Hester and Dimmesdale, they are not â€Å"the worst sinners in the world.There is one worse than even the polluted priest! That old man's revenge has been blacker than my sin. He has violated, in cold blood, the sanctity of a human heart. Thou and I, Hester, never did so! † (225) Going against the heart is the greatest sin possible to Hester and Dimmesdale and their â€Å"sin† was between two people who truly loved e ach other. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is the father of Pearl and the one who committed the sin of adultery with Hester. As a man of high power in Salem, he does not confess the sin and the mental guilt would slowly kill him.Eventually, â€Å"his moral force was abased into more than childish weakness† (105) Through the ability Hester has shown and the miserable state of Dimmesdale, Hawthorne shows the power of confessing a sin. In an attempt to escape for their pasts, Hester, Pearl, and Dimmesdale plan to leave Salem. However, Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s legal husband, also catches a ride on the same boat. Returning to Salem, Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl go the scaffold, the place where Hester is originally condemned. In his dieing moments, Dimmesdale confesses his sin in front of the townspeople while also revealing a self inflicted â€Å"A† on his chest.Of all the sinners, Roger Chillingworth was the biggest. First, his sin of marrying a younger women and s ending her over sees causes the adultery claim. When he arrives in Salem and learns of this, he commits his biggest sin†¦ violating the human heart. Rather than Hester’s adultery being her sin, Hawthorne goes against Puritan values by making violating the heart Hester’s true sin. At first, Chillingworth asks Hester to â€Å"speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer! † (56) When she refuses, Chillingworth becomes an evil man, becoming uglier by the day.This shows that an unconfessed sin will kill you. Eventually, he becomes aware of the adultery with Hester and becomes Dimmesdale’s â€Å"leech. † After Dimmesdale dies, Chillingworth dies because he has no reason to live anymore. Based on Puritan beliefs, sin is an inescapable aspect of life. Hawthorne shows that Dimmesdale and Chillingworth both die because of their hidden sin. Contrary to this Hester, who confessed, lives a long, happy life. Since sin is inescapable, the only way to make up for it is by confessing or else the sin swill shadow you forever.

Ladies Blackpool4life And Men Blackpool4life - 2341 Words

1. Executive summary Ladies Blackpool4life and Men Blackpool4life is a new proposed group weight management programme extended from the wellness service in Blackpool. It is a 12week group weight management programme with follow ups (drop in sessions or other ways of communications) at 6 months and 18 months. The dietitian will also offer additional support and motivation via phone calls, support groups and text messages. The service will be designed for overweight and obese patients (who are at the greatest risk in Blackpool) and each session will be gender specific to improve outcomes. It will be a multidisciplinary and integrated service including one hour of interactive dietetic advice delivered by band 5 dietitian followed by one hour†¦show more content†¦Option 2 was chosen as it was the only option which would improve service outcomes, meet the Heathy Weight Strategy for Blackpool, meet NHS planning framework, National Skills Framework and current NICE guidelines. The expected outcomes for this service are a weight reduction of 5-10% weight per participant with weight maintenance, reduced waiting times, reduced the high levels of high ‘Did Not Attend’ (DNA), reduce health inequalities in Blackpool and a reduction in obesity associated health condition. Overall this will contribute to a reduction of cost and burden to the health social care. The programme costing  £82.5 per person is considered cost effective according to NICE (2014b) as it is less than  £100 per person. 2. Current service Statistics show there were 140 500 people in Blackpool in 2014 with a large number of older people (over 65 years) which is predicted to increase in the next 20 years (JSNA, 2014). Table 1 describes the population profile compared to England and Wales. It shows a mainly white ethnic population with a high rate of obesity and poor lifestyle choices. The life expectancy, healthy life expectancy and disability fee expectancy is the lowest in England which is an indicator of poor health. There is a high disability rate in Blackpool (9.9%) which is twice the national average. There is also a higher learning disability prevalence in Blackpool (Blackpool Council, 2013).

Types of Cancer and the Impact Upon the Patient and...

Abstract This paper is about cancer and the devastating impact it has on, not only the patient but the family members as well. How it forms, takes shape, what the symptoms are, how to diagnose the illness, and how to treat it as well as live and everyday life with this form of disease. Also how you can prevent it. What steps you can take to make sure you don’t get it. I will also explain on how to look for signs of what types of cancers you might get. Tell you, how often you should get screenings. I will also tell you who is at risk for getting cancer. Just how many people have cancer right now, how many are expected to get it? I will also tell you how many people are expected to die from this disease. I will discuss how there are many†¦show more content†¦It can eventually lead to illness and death to the person who has the disease. Cancer is mainly caused by both external factors (tobacco, infections, organisms, chemicals and radiation) and internal factors (inherited mutat ions, hormones, immune conditions, and mutations that occur in the body). These casual factors may act together in sequence to promote carcinogens. Ten or more years pass before cancer is ever noticeable or even detected in someone. Cancer can be treated; sometimes it can be sent into remission or even cured, by surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.(Borek,2004). All cancers caused by cigarette smoking and heavy drinking of alcohol, but they could be prevented completely as well. The American Cancer Society did a study and found out that in 2009 about 169,000 cancer deaths occurred. They were largely due in-part by tobacco use. (Edwards,2003). Scientific evidence has been suggested that one-third of the 562,340 people studied, that their death will be contributed to cancer due to being overweight or obese. Poor nutrition and physical inactivity come in at a close second, but it could all be prevented. Although certain cancers are related to infectious diseases such as Hepatitis B vir us (HBV), Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and other, they all could be prevented through behavioral changes, vaccines and antibiotics. In the years to come about 1 million skin cancers are goingShow MoreRelatedMethods Critique And Comparison : Enhancing Caregiver Outcomes Of Palliative Care, By Mccorkle And Pasacreta1665 Words   |  7 Pages2015) was twofold. The first was to define the negative experiences of untrained family members that care for a chronically ill patient and, second, intervene with a nursing care plan designed to prepare the caregiver for the consequences of those experiences. 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Going more into detail, cancer is caused by anRead MoreThe American Cancer Society, As Well As Nurse Practitioner Mary Hesdorffer883 Words   |  4 Pagesout to the American Cancer Society, as well as nurse practitioner Mary Hesdorffer. I become knowledgeable on the diagnosis of Mesothelioma. Mesothelioma comprises 3% of cancer diagnosis. It develops in the mesothelial cells in one’s body; cells that are protective lining for the body’s organs and cavities. The disease has five known forms. Four of the forms are malignant cancers, with one being benign. Malignant cancer grows and invades the surrounding tissues, were benign cancer does neither. PleuralRead MoreRoles Of A Family Healthcare Nurse1587 Words   |  7 Pages APPORACHES TO FAMILY NURSING Vasyl Magura Ohio University During class this week we focused our study on the many roles of a family healthcare nurse. Now we shift our focus to different approaches for family intervention. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to discuss our experience with patients and their families as well as the effects of not only the illness but our interventions while providing care. As we differentiate the roles of individuals within families we focus on theRead MoreThe Interview With A Interview Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pageshad not experienced being in an interview before, they agree to have the interviews recorded. For them, it was the first time spoke openly to a person outside of their family and friends’ cycle about their experience. Women showed their interest on my research and felt that their participation might be helpful in informing cancer health care services. My aim from the recorded interviews is to understand how women response and interact with my questions that enabled the collection of rich data. ElliottRead MorePsychological Effects Of Cancer And Cancer1457 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract In this Paper we discuss about Psychological Effects of Cancers, when we are live with cancer we are face many mental and physical problems and this type of people doing higher efforts to cope with cancer. Introduction There are many types of cancers. In America many person are live with cancer. So in this research I tried to present mental effect of cancer patient. How they fill and if we have proper information about disease so It’s could be easy to understand it and solve it. Basic MentalRead MoreCancer And The Second Point1432 Words   |  6 PagesSince the beginning of time cancer has had a major impact on the world, from your love ones or your self slowly dying from it. What is Cancer, where did it come from, how did we as humans get it? Who does it affect? Are there different types of cancer? Can I get cancer? These are just some questions that can go through a persons mind just thinking about cancer or seeing it in the media. The Definition of cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the bodyRead MoreColorectal Cancer : The Third Most Common Type Of Cancer1296 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the third most common type of cancer in women. Furthermore, it is the fourth most dominant kind of cancer in men recorded all over the world. Consequently, CRC accounts for over a million new cases and more than half a million deaths every year. Colonoscopy allows early discovery and removal of precancerous lesions and may, therefore, effectively prevent or reduce the risk of Colorectal cancer. Although studies under hugely standardized conditionsRead MoreThe Goals Of Home Health Care Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesAs a home care nurse, I am designated to care for a 56-year old female patient that presents with lymphoma which has metastasized to her spine, and is presently in quest for chemotherapy treatment. Proceeding admission to home health care, the nurse establishes services including nursing care, physical and occupational therapy, home health aide, social work, and other medical assistances. The goals of home health care services are to help individuals to improve their function and liveRead MoreApplying Standardized Terminologies : Caring For The Breast Cancer Patient1552 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the Breast Cancer Patient Throughout this paper the identification and application of standardized terminologies such as: The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) to identify the applicable diagnosis; Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) to construct a care-plan with diagnosis specific interventions; and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) to evaluate the outcomes. This will be applied to a clinical patient scenario of newly diagnosed breast cancer; and present the

Censorship Of Service Attacks By Steven Chase Of The Globe...

While there are many other types of threats, these are some of the most popularly used. Another that should be mentioned however, is distributed denial-of-service attacks. William and Sawyer (2015) mention that these types of attacks encompass the sending of requests to a server or website so many times that real users can no longer access the services provided by the site in question. This type of attack has been used to bring down government websites in the past, such as a recent attack, reported by Steven Chase of The Globe and Mail newspaper, in Canada in June of 2015 by hacktivist group, Anonymous. The group reportedly overloaded numerous Canadian websites causing government employee email systems to cease functionality, along with†¦show more content†¦If the software is not up-to-date it will likely not have the most recent security threats in its database to look for when scanning, basically it will just think that an infected file is safe and not catch it, leaving it to continue to threaten and cause the system harm. †¢ Passwords are another protection measure that most people are very familiar with. Over time, passwords have needed to become more complex to try to keep others, including algorithms, from figuring out your password and hacking your accounts. While passwords are one method of protection, it is not recommended to be the only level of protection utilized to protect data on a computer system. †¢ Biometric Authentication refers to the usage of software that looks for physical markers to allow access to a system. Some of the most commonly used physical markers are fingerprints, face-recognition, voice-recognition, and iris-recognition (Williams Sawyer, 2015). As no two humans are exactly alike biometics are less likely to be hacked, although it is not impossible. †¢ Encyption takes data and transforms it into unreadable jargon until a key is used to unlock or decrypt the data back to its original form. Due to its near infallibility, encryption is one the most best ways to secure data (Williams Sawyer, 2015). In 2011, United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) published a Technical Information Paper (TIP),

Lightning Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Lightning Argumentative Essay Lightning, the thunderbolt from mythology, has long been feared as an atmospheric flash of supernatural origins. In the East, early statues of Buddha show him carrying a thunderbolt with arrows at each end. Indian tribes in North America believed that lightning was due to the flashing feathers of a mystical whose flapping wings produced the sound of thunder. Today, scientific rather than mystical techniques are used to explain lightning with experimental procedures replacing intuitive concepts. Yet, we remain in awe of lightning which still shines with its mystery, and rightly so. Each year, lightning is responsible for the deaths of a hundred or so people, injuries to several hundred more, and millions of dollars in property damage, in the United States alone. It is difficult to obtain accurate statistics on lightning injuries and fatalities since a systematic compilation of information on lightning casualties does not exist. Many case histories show heart damage. Inflated lungs a nd brain damage have also been observed from lightning fatalities. Loss of consciousness, amnesia, paralysis and burns are reported by many who have survived. Deaths and injuries to livestock and other animals, thousands of forest and brush fires, as well as millions of dollars in damage to buildings, communications systems, power lines, and electrical systems are also the result of lightning. Finally, the threat of lightning causes many work stoppages and lost production increasing the time and cost required toprepare NASA spacecraft for flight. Benjamin Franklin performed the first systematic, scientific study of lightning during the second half of the 18th century. Prior to that time, electrical science had developed to the point where positive and negative charges could be separated. Electrical machines could, by rubbing together two different materials, store the charges in primitive capacitors called Leyden Jars from which sparks could be generated and observed. While others had previously noted the similarity between laboratory sparks and lightning, Franklin was the first to design an experiment which conclusively proved the electrical nature of lightning. In his experiment, he theorized that clouds are electrically charged, from which it follows that lightning must also be electrical. The experiment involved Franklin standing on an electrical stand, holding an iron rod with one hand to obtain an electrical discharge between the other hand and the ground. If the clouds were electrically charged then sparks would jump between the iron rod and a grounded wire, in this case, held by an insulating wax candle. This experiment was successfully performed by Thomas Francois DAlibard of France in May 1752 when sparks were observed to jump from the iron rod during a thunderstorm. G. W. Richmann, a Swedish physicist working in Russia during July 1753, proved that thunderclouds contain electrical charge, and was killed when lightning struck him. Before Franklin accomplished his original experiment, he thought of a better way to prove his hypothesis through the use of a kite. The kite took the place of the iron rod, since it could reach a greater elevation and could be flown anywhere. During a Pennsylvania thunderstorm in 1752 the most famous kite in history flew with sparks jumping from a key tied to the bottom of damp kite string to an insulating silk ribbon tied to the knuckles of Franklins hand. Franklins grounded body provided a conducting path for the electrical currents responding to the strong electric field buildup in the storm clouds. In addition to showing that thunderstorms contain electricity, by measuring the sign of the charge delivered through the kiteapparatus, Franklin was able to infer that while the clouds were overhead, the lower part of the thunderstorm was generally negatively charged. Research continued at a steady pace until the late 1960s when lightning research became particularly active. This increased interest was motivated both by the danger of lightning to aerospace vehicles and solid state electronics used in computers and other devices as well as by the improved measurement and observational capabilities which were made possible by advancing technology. There are 2 major charecteristics in a storm:lightning and thunder.LIGHTNING- As the particles within a cloud (called hydrometeors) grow and interact, some become charged possible through collisions. It is thought that the smaller particles tend to acquire positive charge, while the larger particles acquire more negative charge. These particles tend to separate under the influences of updrafts and gravity until the upper portion of the cloud acquires a net positive charge and the lower portion of the cloud becomes negatively charged. This separation of charge produces enormous electrical potential both within the cloud and between the cloud and ground. This can amount to millions of volts, and eventually the electrical resistance in th e air breaks down and a flash begins. Lightning, then, is an electrical discharge between positive and negative regions of a thunderstorm. THUNDER-Sound is generated along the length of the lightning channel as the atmosphere is heated by the electrical discharge to the order of 20,000 degrees C (3 times the temperature of the surface of the sun). This compresses the surrounding clear air producing a shock wave, which then decays to an acoustic wave as it propagates away from the lightning channel. Although the flash and resulting thunder occur at essentially the same time, light travels at 186,000 miles in a second, almost a million times the speed of sound. Sound travels at the relatively snail pace of one-fifth of a mile in the same time. Thus the flash, if not obscured by clouds, is seen before the thunder is heard. By counting the seconds between the flash and the thunder and dividing by 5, an estimate of the distance to the strike (in miles) can be made. There are 2 differe nt types of lightning: CLOUD-TO-GROUND, and INTRA-CLOUD-LIGHTNING. .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4 , .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4 .postImageUrl , .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4 , .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4:hover , .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4:visited , .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4:active { border:0!important; } .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4:active , .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4 .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43984ccae8179d1b8062b29b622871d4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Importance of Ethnic Culture Essay CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING is the most damaging and dangerous form of lightning. Although not the most common type, it is the one which is best understood. Most flashes originate near the lower-negative charge center and deliver negative charge to Earth. However, an appreciable minority of flashes carry positive charge to Earth. These positive flashes often occur during the dissipating stage of a thunderstorms life. Positive flashes are also more common as a percentage of total ground strikes during the winter months. INTRA-CLOUD LIGHTNING is the most common type of discharge. This occurs between oppositely charged centers within the same cloud. Usually the process takes place within the cloud and looks from the outside of the cloud like a diffuse brightening which flickers. However, the flash may exit the boundary of the cloud and a bright channel, similar to a cloud-to-ground flash, can be visible for many miles. Details of why a discharge stays within a cloud or comes to ground ar e not understood. Perhaps a flash propagates toward the Earth when the electric field gradient in the lower regions of the cloud is stronger in the downward direction. Depending upon cloud height above ground and changes in electric field strength between cloud and Earth, the discharge stays within the cloud or makes direct contact with the Earth. If the field strength is highest in the lower regions of the cloud a downward flash may occur from cloud to Earth. From my research I have concluded that ligthning is a very important part of science andtechnologyWithout the discovery of electricity we would not have half the things we find necessary to live in our every day lives.

Tour de France Drug Abuse Essay Example For Students

Tour de France Drug Abuse Essay The question of drug use among athletes in what was previously considered by the unknowing public to be a rather pristine sport, cycling, is important in that it will affect all future Tours and will place them and the athletes under scrutiny. To begin with, in Europe until the 1998 scandal occurred, despite a few exceptions, cycling was considered a drug free sport. The 1998 drug scandal tarnished the Tour de France and the reputation and image of other sports. The media response to the scandal took differing positions on what should be done next to clean up cycling. The scandal also affected advertisements, sales, and without question the 1999 Tour and Lance Armstrong. We will write a custom essay on Tour de France Drug Abuse specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Since even the most nave fan no longer trusts the cyclists, drug-testing procedures have been instituted. Also, the question now arises regarding medications used by seriously ill cyclists. Certainly, future Tours will be significantly affected. The Union Cycliste Internationale and other sports officials are left with several burning questions; do they seek a better testing system? Clearly, they must protect athletes and the image of sports even though it is costly. Do they perform uniform versus random drug tests? Both are necessary to keep athletes and trainers accountable. In fact, the 1999 Tour promoted both forms of testing (Fife 208). If they do random tests, how do they enforce them? On this point, committees and sports federations are still debating. For years cycling, a grueling, yet glamorous sport in Europe, has been fighting drug use and abuse. Despite a few exceptions, cycling had the reputation, in Europe and in France, of being a clean, pure sport, compared to others, until the 1998 scandal occurred. The question of drug use among athletes in what was previously considered by the unknowing public to be a rather pristine sport, cycling, is important in that it will affect all future Tours and will place them and the athletes under scrutiny. A Clean Reputation: The History of Drugs in the Tour de France In 1967, Tommy Simpson, a British cyclist, died during the Tour de France because of the amphetamines that he took. Succeeding years brought embarrassments: In 1978, the Belgian Michel Pollentier was suspended while leading the Tour de France after he was caught concealing a clean urine sample to trick testers. Furthermore, in 1988, the Spaniard Pedro Delgado won the Tour de France despite having tested positive for using what is known as a masking agent, a substance designed to hide drug use, but one that was not banned by the Tour at that time. Pedro Delgado even argued that somebody put them in his glass, and that he did not even notice it. Still these incidents were considered minor in comparison to the sandal of 1998. Nowhere has the disgrace of doping been felt more dramatically than in the Tour de France, the worlds most prestigious cycling event (Wilson E6). The scandal started on July 8 when Festinas team masseur, Willy Voet crossed the French-Belgian border and was checked by French customs authorities. Driving an official car, issued by the Societe du Tour de France, nobody would have thought that he could be stopped. Voet was carrying plenty of banned substances in his car, which immediately resulted in Voets arrest. The drugs found in the car were erythropoietin (or EPO), human growth hormone, testosterone, syringes, and amphetamines. Voet confessed a few days after being arrested that it was not the first time hed ferried such a haul of performance-enhancing dope to big races, generally, as on this occasion, under order from the Festina team bosses (Fife 201). As soon as the Tour arrived in France on July 14th, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) suspended the professional licenses of Festinas sports directors, Roussel and Ryckaert, and put the leaders of the team, Richard Virenque, Laurent Brochard, and Laurent Dufaux on hold. The following day the Festina team was disqualified from the Tour after some of the riders admitted to a systematic doping program. Nevertheless, the next day Roussels lawyer issued a statement: The Festina manager had informed the police that within the Festina team controlled doping had been introduced to safeguard the riders health and wellbeing. .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe , .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe .postImageUrl , .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe , .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe:hover , .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe:visited , .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe:active { border:0!important; } .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe:active , .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc7fa6b53f6d8de395fe9eb087236f7fe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRESIDENTIAL ASSASSIN Essay The subtext of this was, . Tour de France Drug Abuse Essay Example For Students Tour de France Drug Abuse Essay The question of drug use among athletes in what was previously considered by the unknowing public to be a rather pristine sport, cycling, is important in that it will affect all future Tours and will place them and the athletes under scrutiny. To begin with, in Europe until the 1998 scandal occurred, despite a few exceptions, cycling was considered a drug free sport. The 1998 drug scandal tarnished the Tour de France and the reputation and image of other sports. The media response to the scandal took differing positions on what should be done next to clean up cycling. The scandal also affected advertisements, sales, and without question the 1999 Tour and Lance Armstrong. We will write a custom essay on Tour de France Drug Abuse specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Since even the most nave fan no longer trusts the cyclists, drug-testing procedures have been instituted. Also, the question now arises regarding medications used by seriously ill cyclists. Certainly, future Tours will be significantly affected. The Union Cycliste Internationale and other sports officials are left with several burning questions; do they seek a better testing system? Clearly, they must protect athletes and the image of sports even though it is costly. Do they perform uniform versus random drug tests? Both are necessary to keep athletes and trainers accountable. In fact, the 1999 Tour promoted both forms of testing (Fife 208). If they do random tests, how do they enforce them? On this point, committees and sports federations are still debating. For years cycling, a grueling, yet glamorous sport in Europe, has been fighting drug use and abuse. Despite a few exceptions, cycling had the reputation, in Europe and in France, of being a clean, pure sport, compared to others, until the 1998 scandal occurred. The question of drug use among athletes in what was previously considered by the unknowing public to be a rather pristine sport, cycling, is important in that it will affect all future Tours and will place them and the athletes under scrutiny. A Clean Reputation: The History of Drugs in the Tour de France In 1967, Tommy Simpson, a British cyclist, died during the Tour de France because of the amphetamines that he took. Succeeding years brought embarrassments: In 1978, the Belgian Michel Pollentier was suspended while leading the Tour de France after he was caught concealing a clean urine sample to trick testers. Furthermore, in 1988, the Spaniard Pedro Delgado won the Tour de France despite having tested positive for using what is known as a masking agent, a substance designed to hide drug use, but one that was not banned by the Tour at that time. Pedro Delgado even argued that somebody put them in his glass, and that he did not even notice it. Still these incidents were considered minor in comparison to the sandal of 1998. Nowhere has the disgrace of doping been felt more dramatically than in the Tour de France, the worlds most prestigious cycling event (Wilson E6). The scandal started on July 8 when Festinas team masseur, Willy Voet crossed the French-Belgian border and was checked by French customs authorities. Driving an official car, issued by the Societe du Tour de France, nobody would have thought that he could be stopped. Voet was carrying plenty of banned substances in his car, which immediately resulted in Voets arrest. The drugs found in the car were erythropoietin (or EPO), human growth hormone, testosterone, syringes, and amphetamines. Voet confessed a few days after being arrested that it was not the first time hed ferried such a haul of performance-enhancing dope to big races, generally, as on this occasion, under order from the Festina team bosses (Fife 201). As soon as the Tour arrived in France on July 14th, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) suspended the professional licenses of Festinas sports directors, Roussel and Ryckaert, and put the leaders of the team, Richard Virenque, Laurent Brochard, and Laurent Dufaux on hold. The following day the Festina team was disqualified from the Tour after some of the riders admitted to a systematic doping program. Nevertheless, the next day Roussels lawyer issued a statement: The Festina manager had informed the police that within the Festina team controlled doping had been introduced to safeguard the riders health and wellbeing. .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b , .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b .postImageUrl , .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b , .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b:hover , .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b:visited , .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b:active { border:0!important; } .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b:active , .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uccc54045aa3284f0e9fde358adeed75b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The sixth sense Essay The subtext of this was, .