Music and Adolescence free essay sample

Music is a theoretical type of human articulation, and can mean deferent things to various individuals, however It has been a piece of each culture on this planet, presently or whenever In written history (Check Berger, 2006). We will compose a custom article test on Music and Adolescence or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Regardless of whether It is singular tuning in, a show, party, a move, or a transitional experience, music adds to a major piece of numerous young people lives over the globe. It has been assessed that from seventh to 12 the evaluation, the normal youthful goes through more than two hours out of each day tuning in to music.By taking a gander at the degree of the music utilization in the lives of young people, it is promptly evident that music has a significant influence in their lives (North, Harvested ONeill, 2000). Music holds the ability to impact numerous parts of young people lives, both decidedly and contrarily. It can unwind or invigorate the body, impact psychological turn of events, improve self-mending, and encourage both solace and inconvenience (Essence Berger, 2006). In this paper, we will take a gander at the impacts that music can have on creating pre-adult lives, socially, inwardly, and cognitively.There are numerous manners by which music assumes a significant job in the social advancement of young people. Agreeing touchstone and Katz (Bibb music has significant results for the their colonization, since music and friend affiliations give young people raising social chances and connections. This favored music of friends who are respected as of now, regardless of whether for sound or travel reason, is probably going to turn into the affiliating party decision (as refered to in Miranda Class, 2009). Simon Firth (1987) recognizes adolescent distinguish arrangement as one of the fundamental social elements of their music (as refered to in Campbell et al, 2007).Teens fill their lives with music, assemble around it, talk about it, all in a feeling of amiability. Secondary schools demonstrate the veracity of numerous inner circles who mark themselves by their music and give an approach to young people to relate to other people, in their procedure of cementing (Despond, 1987). Numerous books and articles have been composed proposing that sub-societies structure around various types of popular music. One factor that propels young people to tune in to music, are the advantages It carries with a feeling of having a place with peers (North Harvested, 1999).Music can help dollish limits between those of various ethnic, or social foundations. (Campbell et al, 2007) One multi year old said cap music gave her a feeling of a having a spot to have a place, both inside and beyond school. When a gathering centers around a specific style of music, its individuals advantage, as they have characterized themselves as a component of a social first class, and accomplish the enthusiastic satisfactions of having a place. (Zillion Gang) page 60 of Social Physiology of Music Edited by Harvested North.. One potential explanation that youths may incline toward specific styles of music, is as a methods for helping them to characterize their own personalities. An inclination for a specific style of music can convey a message to different teenagers, concerning where they think they have a place with their own perspectives, qualities and qualities. Studies show that young people utilize their music inclinations as a method of informing others regarding themselves (North Harvested, 1999). Awesome music Is frequently a characteristic objective of Interest for teenagers, and one explanation might be that it can open the investigation of developing sexual considerations and feelings.The make perspective where dream and ones own body Join together (Terror, 2001). Teenagers tune in to music that their companions tune in to, structure bonds or social gatherings with individuals they need to have a place with, so melodic inclinations become a feeling of having a place for both individual and gat hering character (Levities, 2006). Earthy colored Klutz (2003) found that in immaturity, social character and connections experience gigantic changes, as the teenager moves their relationship from guardians to peers (as refered to in Miranda Grandeur, 2011). There is a connection between this transitional time a juvenile is experiencing of parental insurance to autonomy, and their craving for looking for and Joining an inclination culture that fills in as an association with their development (Zillion Gang). As indicated by Larson Ekberg (1995), music can shape an Important piece of the juvenile rising up out of the cover of familial way of life (as refered to in Campbell et al 2007). This capacity of splitting endlessly from guardians, is found in certain kinds of music that incorporate verses that express resistance of the individuals who are seen to control the lives of young people. Zillion Gang). As per Bleach, Zillion Weaver (1991), a few investigations show that adolescents who tune in to certain insubordinate types of music, for example, substantial metal or rap, may likewise be bound to participate in reprobate practices (as refered to in North Harvested, 1999). In different occurrences, music has additionally been appeared to a dvance family holding and correspondence among young people and guardians (Miranda Gaudier, 2010). Music can likewise assume a significant job in the enthusiastic improvement of young people. Ere intensity of music to inspire feelings is apparent in promotions, films, and mothers.Music can influence teenagers sincerely at a level further than is conceivable Ninth words alone (Terror, 2001). It is utilized to control our feelings to more profound levels in light of the fact that the feelings we involvement with reaction to music partake in the cortex; the core of passionate handling (Levities, 2006). Music can bring out both unwinding or incitement and can likewise open up channels of self-articulation. For the youngster this can furnish a methods for adapting to amazing feelings and dreams during this basic time of development.For a few youths it can make a sentiment of security, Inhere they don't hesitate to communicate emotions. It empowers them to interface with, and share sentiments of affection, aching, outrage, bitterness, rage, despondency, aching, just as to encounter both closeness and disconnection. It can offer asylum to the troubled and befuddled youthful. This procedure of communicating feelings with music, can enable the juvenile o to progress from youth satisfaction to chip away at changes and dreams associated Ninth pre-adulthood (Terror, 2001).Self-regard is a significant piece of a young people improvement and the enthusiastic help and social endorsement from others can impact a childs confidence (Contracts, MacKenzie-Rivers, Malison, Lung, (2011). Studies show that teenagers inclinations of music mirrored an endeavor to coordinate their own self idea, with view of the individuals who ordinarily tune in to that style. More elevated levels of confidence were additionally noted to be related with young people recognizing themselves mineral firmly with a specific melodic sub culture (North Harvested, 1999).Studies have indicated that music can be related with emotional well-being issues in self destruction, self mischief, despondency, medication and liquor misuse, and fooli shness (Eking, greedy, Topology, Subconscious, Barker, 2012). Be that as it may, there is a bidirectional connection between music inclinations and emotional well-being issues. While inclination for particular sorts of music might be warnings for emotional well-being issues, it might likewise be genuine that leaning toward these music types mirrors the genuine reason for the issues (Eking et al). For example, there has been a lot of contention over the impact of substantial metal music and high school suicide.A couple decades back, two celebrated overwhelming metal groups were ineffectively sued by the guardians of self destruction proclamation young people, on the grounds that their music was being played while the teenagers kicked the bucket. Looking for et al) Studies demonstrate that inclination for overwhelming metal music among young people might be a warning for expanded self-destructive weakness, however the outcomes likewise affirm that the attributes of youths assume a progressively significant job as hazard components to self-destructive practices, than their melodic inclination (Shell Westfield, 999).In one investigation, substantial metal music audience members were found to have a noteworthy increment in inspirational mentality in the wake of tuning in to the music they like (Eking et al, 2012). Different examinations affirmed that, for most of youngsters, tuning in to all types of music positively affects disposition (Shell Westfield,1999). Music strategies have likewise been demonstrated to be a successful strategy for rewarding pre-adult emotional well-being issues, on the grounds that a young people life is from numerous points of view, revolved around and vigorously impacted by music (Davis, Hendricks, Robinson Bradley 1999). There re additionally numerous manners by which music assumes a significant job in the intellectual advancement of young people. As indicated by Arent Larson (1995), music has been found to furnish young people with a medium which to develop, arrange and change parts of their own character, offering them a scope of systems for knowing themselves and interfacing with others (as refered to in Campbell et al, 2007). It is in the youthful years, that one starts to find that there exists a universe of various thoughts, various societies and various thoughts (Levities, 2006).Students asserted cap they were charmed by, yet in addition thought it was critical to know music as a methods for understanding different civic establishments, musics job ever, or accounts of authors and entertainers. Music was portrayed as a resource for molding the more extensive feeling of themselves, and how they may utilize what they know to be effective in the Nor (Campbell et al, 2007). It has been demonstrated that melodic movement includes almost every district of the cerebrum that En know about.Therefore, it ought to be nothing unexpected that music may improve thinking, engine capacities, calculation, sound-related acumen, and coordination in young people lives (Hellenic, 2010). Studies have indicated that the cerebrum that is occupied with music experiences neurological changes, and the discoveries recommend that music invigorates complex intellectual procedures (That, 2008). The youth

6 Steps to Solve Math Problems

6 Steps to Solve Math Problems The capacity to take care of math issues not just lifts ones unique reasoning, it is additionally an attractive ability in the working environment the same number of bosses necessitate that their representatives have taken a few math courses in school. Critical thinking is a procedure of finding the answers for troublesome issues. Regardless of whether an understudy major in math, either at the school or college level, having the option to take care of math issues is useful. The capacity to tackle math issues not just lifts ones conceptual reasoning, it is additionally an attractive expertise in the working environment the same number of managers necessitate that their representatives have taken a few math courses in school. THE ART OF EFFECTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING In spite of the fact that tackling math issues appears to be dreadfully repetitive in nature or even excessively hard to the beginner, the training is basically taking care of an issue. Furthermore, at whatever point an issue develops, there is at any rate one answer for that issue. There is a huge number of approaches to take care of a math issue. It includes envisioning, drawing closer and taking care of math issues in a point by point set of directions the understudy ought to allude to in the occasion a math issue appears to be difficult. These Are the Best Steps to Follow: Stage 1. Decide the sort of math the issue is calling for. Does this specific math issue call for duplicating portions? Understanding logarithmic conditions? Understanding quadratic conditions? Realizing where to begin and what school of math is being fused is key in helping the understudy tackle their concern. Stage 2. Audit what has just been canvassed in the math course for which this specific task, or math issue, has been given. In the event that it’s a particular recipe, or set of equations, that the issue calls for, more than likely the understudy can discover the recipe in the sections or areas their teacher has just secured throughout the term or semester. Most scholarly foundations offer various assets for understudies battling with math issues. Stage 3. Start to take care of the issue, apply information and abilities previously learned in the course. Distinguish what the issue is calling for and perused the headings, on the off chance that they are available, cautiously. Now and again, the arrangement of â€Å"guess and check† may help; in different cases, use articles and other such devices to display the issue †at times a visual delineation of the issue may serve the understudy best. Search for designs, utilize consistent thinking, and work in reverse, if conceivable. Stage 4. Record and show each progression. Some of the time, by recording their work, the understudy who might be a visual student may best take care of their concern †or this may defeat a lot of obstructions holding them up of tackling the issue. This strategy permits the understudy to follow and even twofold check their way to deal with the issue just as their psychological procedure of getting the required outcomes. The understudy who is battling with a math task should never endeavor to take care of the whole issue in their mind. Stage 5. Check that the appropriate response is right and sounds good to the understudy on the off chance that they are later on tried on illuminating such math problems. Often in many reading material, in math courses, particularly, the appropriate response is in the rear of the book †that is if a task is taken legitimately from the reading material. Stage 6. The understudy should consistently recollect that their professor’s work is to assist them with understanding the math that the course calls for. In this way, the understudy should move toward their teacher in the occasion a math issue presents challenges. Most scholarly establishments utilize the understudy body’s most gifted math understudies as coaches for understudies whose qualities are not math-situated. This sort of administration is frequently consolidated in the student’s educational cost, so they ought to surely exploit it. Issue SOLVING SKILLS Critical thinking STRATEGIES On the off chance that you can't adapt to a math issue or have not had the option to get an appropriate clarification of the material, send us your task directions and join significant records. Our care staff will audit your directions and will suggest an essayist with an appropriate foundation, who will guarantee that the paper is appropriately composed and that your math issue is comprehended effectively. Simply submit a request and get your expertly composed paper on schedule.

A Taste of the Real World

A Taste of the Real World When you are at school, the whole world seems to exist in its own little bubble. There were many times I remained oblivious to what was going on in the world, only able to scan the New York Times every couple of days, relying on WILG’s resident Course 17s to explain to me the riots/reforms/goings-on in the Middle East, a Japanese student group to hear about the earthquake in Japan or election signs popping up outside of Kresge. The world consists of problem sets, papers, alarm clocks, and in my case, rowing regattas. This summer is the first I’ve spent outside of academia. Although my past two summers were spent in a variety of locales (take advantage of MIT’s willingness to pay for you to travel) including England, Holland, Uganda, Boston and Mexico City, this is the first I feel I have really ventured into the real world, or what the real world may hold for me in the future. I am spending the summer in Bend, OR, a small city of 80,000, but the largest city in Central Oregon. It is traditionally the play place of skiers, campers, kayakers, rafters and those on the hunt for the perfect microbrew, but this summer it is my home while I am interning with Kittelson Associates. Kittelson is a transportation planning and engineering consulting firm based out of Portland, OR, but with eight other offices around the country. My real world summer started with a 1,000 mile drive from Colorado to Oregon. Central Oregon is pretty isolated and it was inevitable that I would need a car. But the car was in Colorado, I was in Cambridge, and my job was in Oregon. So that began my cross-country adventure. I’ve taken plenty of road trips in my time, but then tended to be on well-defined routes. To my grandparents in Utah or Arizona, depending on the season, or to regattas in the mid-West. My 1,000 mile adventure was my first solo road trip and my first time venturing into Idaho and Oregon. Other real world aspects of my summer involved finding a place to live. To Craigslist it was. After crossing off hundreds of ads looking for long-term roommates (I have places to be in the fall†¦) or listing cats as one of the roommates (that could make for an unpleasant summer), I found the house I am currently living in. It is strange to live in a house with a yard, and utilities, and your own kitchen. The most real world part of my summer might have to be my job though. It is strange not to be in school and to be working on real projects. That is what internships are for though. I have probably learned just as much in the past three weeks as I have at MIT, though the knowledge is very different. I have learned about working with clients and running meetings. I have learned about what it is like to work in an office, to bill your time, to interact with people at different levels within a company. And of course, I have learned about transportation. A question I get asked a lot is what exactly transportation engineering is. Transportation engineering involves looking at who and how many people are going where, what mode they are traveling by, and what route they are taking to get there. It looks at all forms of transport: cars, transit, bikes and pedestrians. It includes deciding on road striping and signage, to forecasting future travel demand (how many people will want to go here in the future). It is intrinsically intertwined with urban planning because people always need to go somewhere. I am interested in transportation because it involves people and something they use every day, but rarely take the time to think about. When transportation systems work, people don’t think about them, but when they don’t, they complain. A successful transport network enables cities to function and people to get from point A to point B. Even though I knew I was interested in transportation, I had never realized the extent to which systems must be engineered. I have been exposed to so many new things so far this summer, at work as well as outside. I’m looking forward to continuing to explore the field, and to get to know my adopted home for the summer.

Corporate Management Corporate Governance Essay

Chapter-1 Introduction to Corporate Governance 1.1 Introduction Corporate Governance is a buzz word in the business world. It is envisioned to enhance the accountability of a concern and to evade huge disasters before they occur. The concept of corporate governance dived to global attention after the sudden crashes of Enron, World Com, Xerox, Lehman Brothers, Parmalat, Satyam etc. The failure of these colossal business houses horrified the corporate world with their unethical and unlawful operations which affected the employment, finances of national and local government worldwide and international economy. The history of these scandals have forced all the corporates to have substantial and clear record of wealth creation and transparency over a period of time. Integration and globalization of financial markets and a gush of corporate scams have led to the fast developments within the field. With the continuous growth in the foreign investments in India, the international investors would assert that the corporations in which they have interest should follow a â€Å"Code of Corporate Governance†. In such a scenario, Indian corporates cannot afford to disregard the best corporate governance practices since India is a developing country. Corporate Governance has, of course been a highly debated field of enquiry with in the finance discipline for decades. Several studies emanating from academic and non-academic circles over the years demonstrate that better corporateShow MoreRelatedCorporate Governance And Corporate Management803 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate Governance Principles Corporate governance is the relationship between many individuals participating in trying to determine the direction and the performance of organizations. Some of the functions of the corporate governance are managing subsidiaries, lobbying, disclosures, corporate policies and procedures. The corporate governance is also responsible for working with investors on a range of governance issues to facilitate and open dialogue between the company and its shareholders. CorporateRead MoreCorporate Governance And Corporate Management1527 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Corporate governance is the relationship of large quantity participants of the corporations. Those participants usually occupy the important positionsï ¼Å'which determine the performance and strategy of the corporations. The participants include shareholders and stakeholders, the company’s management that led by CEO, and the board (Robert and Nell, 2001). This definition showed different perspectives of corporate governance. First, corporate governance almost concentrate on the top management of theRead MoreCorporate Governance : Notes On Corporate Management2437 Words   |  10 Pages Corporate Governance Name:Md.Khalequzzaman Audi group B00629775 â€Æ' Contents Introduction; 2 Evolution of corporate governance: 2 Principles of corporate governance: 2 Theories of corporate governance: 2 Models of Corporate governance: 3 Chosen Company: 3 Benchmarking Process: 3 Risk Management: 4 Agency Theory: 5 Stakeholder Theory: 6 Corporate social responsibility (CSR): 7 Conclusion: 7 Bibliography 8 Introduction; Corporate Governance delivers the guidelines as to how the organisationRead MoreCorporate Governance : Good Business Management1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe general idea we have in mind when we hear the term Corporate Governance, is that it is an almost unattainable goal. The reason is the only companies that have corporate governance are big businesses with exorbitant capital, or, at least have shares on the stock-market. It is based on the idea that applying good organizational governance practices, is exclusive and expensive. But those who argue this idea are very far from reality. I must confess that I was one of these people. Currently allRead MoreCorporate Governance : The Top Level Managements3102 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction The importance of Corporate Governance has been strongly highlighted by many organizations and foreign nations. According to Zulkafli (2004), Corporate Governance is the process and structure used to direct and manage the business and affairs of the company towards enhancing business prosperity and corporate accountability with the ultimate objective of realizing long term shareholder value, whilst taking account the interests of other stakeholders . This, in simpler terms meaningRead MoreCorporate Governance : The Top Level Management1078 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Governance The basic parts of all corporations are shareholders, board of directors, and the top management. Shareholders are owners of the shares of a corporation. Board of directors are an elected team of members that work together in order to oversee the activities of a company or organization. Top management refers to the Top-Level Management. Top-level managers include presidents, vice-presidents, CEOs, general managers, and senior managers, etc. Top-level managers are responsibleRead MoreChange Management A Board Culture Of Corporate Governance952 Words   |  4 Pages1.A brief introduction According to O’Donovan (2003), corporate governance is an internal system that includes policies, processes and people, which serves the requirements of shareholders and other stakeholders, by directing and controlling management activities with good business savvy, objectivity and integrity. O Donovan, G. (2003). Change Management-A Board Culture of Corporate Governance. Corporate Governance International, 6(3), 28-37. Over the first decade of the twenty-first centuryRead MoreRisky Business : Corporate Governance And Risk Management2358 Words   |  10 Pages Risky business: Corporate governance and risk management in the wake of the global economic crisis. Word Count: 1500 (+/- 10%) not including references and quotes Introduction â€Å"A Chicago teenager is looking for fun at home while his parents are away, but the situation quickly gets out of hand† (IMDB, 2014). This is the logline for the Tom Cruise movie Risky Business. In the wake of the global economic crisis, questions are being asked if company’s were justRead MoreEarnings Management and Corporate Governance in Bangladesh (the Role of the Board and the Audit Committee)9321 Words   |  38 PagesInternship Report On Earnings Management and Corporate Governance in Bangladesh (The Role of the Board and the Audit Committee) Prepared for: Mr. Shubhankar Shil. Assistant Professor, School of Business University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB) Prepared by: Rashed Hossain ID: 092011001 Concentration: Finance School of Business University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB) April 27, 2013 Mr. Shubhankar Shil. Assistant Professor, School of Business University of Liberal Arts BangladeshRead MoreCorporate Governance Of A Company s Shareholders, Board, The Executive Management And Other Stakeholders Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Corporate Governance is the set of relationships between a company’s shareholders, board, the executive management and other stakeholders. The conflict of interest between these parties has resulted in what is called the agency problem, which arises from the separation of ownership and control at a corporation. Good corporate governance practices attempt to resolve the agency problems by aligning the interests of managers and shareholders. The same corporate governance is not followed

Distinguishing Between Hardwood and Softwood Trees

The terms hardwood and softwood are widely used in the construction industry and among woodworkers to distinguish between species with wood regarded as hard and durable and those that are considered soft and easily shaped. And while this is generally true, it is not an absolute rule. Distinctions Between Hardwood and Softwood In reality, the technical distinction has to do with the reproductive biology of the species. Informally, trees categorized as hardwoods are usually deciduous — meaning they lose their leaves in the autumn. Softwoods are conifers, which have needles rather than traditional leaves  and retain them through the winter. And while generally speaking the average hardwood is a good deal harder and more durable than the average softwood, there are examples of deciduous hardwoods that are much softer than the hardest softwoods. An example is balsa, a hardwood that is quite soft when compared to the wood from yew trees, which is quite durable and hard. Really, though, the technical distinction between hardwoods and softwoods has to do with their methods for reproducing. Lets look at hardwoods and softwoods one at a time.   Hardwood Trees and Their Wood Definition and Taxonomy:  Hardwoods are woody-fleshed plant species that are angiosperms (the seeds are enclosed in ovary structures). This might be a fruit, such as an apple, or a hard shell, such as an acorn or  hickory nut.  These plants also are not monocots (the seeds have more than one rudimentary leaf as they sprout). The woody stems in hardwoods have vascular tubes that transport water through the wood; these appear as pores when wood is viewed under magnification in cross-section.  These same pores create a wood grain pattern, which increases the woods density and workability.Uses: Timber from hardwood species is most commonly used in furniture, flooring, wood moldings, and fine veneers.  Common species examples: Oak, maple, birch, walnut, beech, hickory, mahogany, balsa, teak, and alder.Density: Hardwoods are generally denser and heavier than softwoods.  Cost: Varies widely, but typically more expensive than softwoods.Growth rate: Varies, but all grow more slowl y than softwoods, a major reason why they are more expensive.Leaf structure: Most hardwoods have broad, flat leaves that shed over a period of time in the fall. Softwood Trees and Their Wood Definition and Taxonomy:  Softwoods, on the other hand, are  gymnosperms  (conifers) with naked seeds not contained by a fruit or nut. Pines,  firs, and spruces, which grow seeds in cones, fall into this category. In conifers, seeds are released into the wind once they mature. This spreads the plants seed over a wide area, which gives an early advantage over many hardwood species.Softwoods do not have pores but instead have linear tubes called tracheids that provide nutrients for growth. These tracheids do the same thing as hardwood pores — they transport water and produce sap that protects from pest invasion and provides the essential elements for tree growth.Uses: Softwoods are most often used in dimension lumber for construction framing, pulpwood for paper, and sheet goods, including particleboard,  plywood, and fiberboard.Species examples: Cedar, Douglas fir, juniper, pine, redwood, spruce, and yew.Density: Softwoods are typically lighter in weight and less dense than hardwoods.Cost: Most species are considerably less expensive than hardwoods, making them the clear favorite for any structural application where the wood will not be seen.Growth rate: Softwoods are fast-growing as compared to most hardwoods, one reason why they are less expensive.Leaf structure: With rare exceptions, softwoods are conifers with needle-like leaves that remain on the tree year-round, though they are gradually shed as they age. In most cases, a softwood conifer completes a changeover of all its needles every two years.

Since human individuals Free Essays

string(197) " to different clients or patients, found commonality in his interactions that help facilitate better recovery and congruence as modelled by a therapist eventually gained its place in his approach\." Psychology has made great strides in the development of principles and methods and the discovery of facts which find useful application in various aspects of everyday life. The objectives of psychology are : (1) to understand human behavior; (2) to predict human behavior by means of observation and experiment; (3) to influence or alter the behavior of he individual or group in desirable ways so that he can achieve the goal he desires (McLeod, 1998). Psychology is the scientific of human behavior and mental processes; a study which is of considerable interest to almost all people. We will write a custom essay sample on Since human individuals or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the pursuit of this study is the important feature of understanding the goals or objectives. To describe, explain and predict behavior and if possible control or modify it, are the main objectives of this scientific discipline. These objectives confine as well as broaden student’s approach towards a deeper perspective of the field in the sense that he/she will have a grasp on the variety of subject matters that psychology provides, the advances or breakthroughs it has attained, its inadequacies and shortcomings, as well as forthcoming challenges the discipline faces. Since human individuals are complex and changing, the study is fascinating yet possesses a certain degree of difficulty. Fascinating because it explores all the facets of being human and possessing a certain degree of difficulty because of its multifarious sub-disciplines. Behavior is described and analyzed (McLeod, 1998). On this basis, an attempt to predict behavior is possible, and although this may not thoroughly and completely be accomplished in some endeavours, the basic understanding then is that there are certain expectations concerning how any person would act or decide upon things that are within his conscious awareness. Psychology is of great importance to man since psychological problems are common to group relations, in whatever framework a person or group of individuals come from (McLeod, 1998). The work of a counsellor is a privilege since the counselee or client will be unfolding his life and makes himself vulnerable to a stranger. It is not an easy choice to make hence, all the training and knowledge would be indispensable to help the client reveal and trust himself to another. Counselling is not a very easy job. But it can be facilitated well when there is a clear vision of what and how it unfolds in the relationship that is established with the client (Nelson-Jones, 1988). A healthy personality does not mean it does not have any difficulties at all. It means that a person has the capabilities to withstand any turmoil or stress that come his way. He has learned the skills to make him adjust to the internal and external stresses; minimizing conflicts from within and without but in a healthy and normal functioning way. Personal growth occurs in the context of self-insights; insights concerning the workings of one’s mind in relation to the structures and stimuli around the person. The self-insight is very significant and crucial to the client for him to be able to work well with those who are there to assist in his recovery and eventual personal growth (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). The important thing is that of flexibility and resiliency on the counselor’s part when to apply or implement the theory (i. e. , person-centred in this case) in the context of the client. It starts with the identification of specific problems and especially the root causes (Lishman, 1994). When this is confidently achieved, the therapist is actually midway to attaining his/her goals which includes not only the relief of the symptoms that the sufferer is currently experiencing but especially the reduction of the occurrence if not altogether eliminated. The specific treatment goals are likewise essential and it helps in the remaining aspects or levels of the process. The diagnostic part by itself in most cases is considered therapeutic since many clients have experienced immediate relief. In addition, another important ingredient in the process is to identify effective reinforcers which help people in crisis for instance or those in acute and chronic mental and emotional anguish to sustain their plan for change and control of their disorders. Helping the client set up a kind of self-help management program is a very effective strategy to pursue within the relationship (Smith 1997, 2004). Nature of the therapeutic approach Within the person-centred approach human nature is understood as that of the individual possessing to the innate capacity of man towards growth, health and fulfilment which means that man is basically good and equipped to face many obstacles in life. Client-centred therapy avoids the imposition of goals on the patient or client during therapy. It is the client who takes the lead in the session and of the conversation. It is the job of the therapist to create the conditions conducive to the client’s positive judgment of those experiences that are intrinsically satisfying to the client. The ‘goal’ then is to reach the point where the client desires to be a good and â€Å"civilized person. † Unconditional positive regard enhances this atmosphere however, and although the goal may be difficult to achieve, unconditional positive regard eventually, according to Rogers, encourages even the â€Å"`unbehaved† to conform or even transform (Corey, 2004; Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). Anchored on Carl Rogers’ theory on the person-centered approach of understanding behavior and applying such an understanding to the â€Å"healing† process, the concept of congruence is among the highlights of this renowned theorist’s perspective. It is understood as a concept which usually starts or initiated by the therapist or practitioner and modelled to the client whereby the former displays more of the real person that he/she is and reducing denial of the real struggles or feelings that tend to be kept inside (Smith, 1997; Rogers, 1951; Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). In the process, the client learns to unveil the real self rather than assume a facade which not only masks the real problems, make the therapeutic relationship increasingly difficult (Rogers, 1959). Rogers probably in his long years of exposure to different clients or patients, found commonality in his interactions that help facilitate better recovery and congruence as modelled by a therapist eventually gained its place in his approach. You read "Since human individuals" in category "Papers" Application or Action Point: Case study: â€Å"Mrs. Todd was admitted to an elder care home following the death of her husband and at the request of her daughter, aged 70, who could no longer manage. Six months after admission Mrs Todd refused to get out of bed for a week, saying that there was no point. During the sensitive questioning by the residential social worker revealed that Mrs Todd had never come to terms with the loss of her husband. On top of this she had been unable to put into words her grief, plus the perception that she had lost control independence, despite high-quality care in the home, had resulted in confused thinking, distortion of grief and withdrawal. † There are some â€Å"steps† that had been coined by Rogers to put the theory in â€Å"action, so to speak. However, it is imperative that the progression of the helping relationship is not forced or hurried. The goal in this case is for Mrs, Todd to be â€Å"influenced† by the counsellor’s sense of optimism which means that these positive characteristics must somehow rob off on the client. Roger’s understanding is that helping someone can only be most effective when the person is encouraged or has moved on from a state of despondency to vitality regardless of her/his circumstances. This is the primary reason that Roger’s extensive discussion also revolves around the congruent self (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). One important aspect of the person-centred approach is the empathy that should be exhibited by the counsellor/therapist. Carl Rogers (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980) initiated the model with the premise that within each person is the capacity to eventually surpass any obstacle with the help and support of critical people. The unconditional positive regard which when cultivated by a therapist is believed to be very crucial to the recovery and healing of the patient. There is curative value to the skills which, importantly, shall comprise the approach that the therapist takes in the course of their healing relationship. In the case of Mrs. Todd whose state of discouragement and grief had not been overcome will be a point of reference for the counselling setting. The person centred therapist is a believer that when given time, a patient-listening-ear and other skills, help for Mrs. Todd is to tap the inner strength that she possesses can be had. The goals of therapy include the readjustment of a person’s understanding of himself, becoming aware of the discrepancies of his real experiences and real self versus the projection of other’s viewpoints and rubbing these onto him, thereby affecting the person of the right attitude and perspective of what life is truly all about (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). Because the emphasis is on the uniqueness of the individual, it goes beyond the mere acceptance of the real worth of the self. It also accepts that there are realities in life that need to be accepted but the individual must transcend above these unwelcoming encounters. The importance is to accept as well that one’s choices and decisions are important and the person must accept his responsibility of the consequences of his actions (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). One important aspect of the person centered approach is the empathy that should be exhibited by the counsellor/therapist. Carl Rogers initiated the model with the premise that within each person is the capacity to eventually surpass any obstacle with the help and support of critical people. The unconditional positive regard which when cultivated by a therapist is believed to be very crucial to the recovery and healing of the patient. There is curative value to the skills which, importantly, shall comprise the approach that the therapist takes in the course of their healing relationship (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). The therapeutic nature of the person centred therapy to help this person get the insights, not only to the death and the sense of loneliness and seemingly abandoned feelings at this point in her life, but especially to the fact that other lives are affected as well is not easy as it may seem when one uses this approach. Mrs. Todd must wade through her confusions, her feelings of despondency and the sense of hopelessness. What is actually happening when there is a gradual realization of these issues and the hope that the future may hold for her, is that the practitioner is more than a crutch and a pole that pulls the patient. The therapist with or without the conscious awareness of the patient is her source of strength and resolve to weather the seemingly heavy burden ahead of her. That is why for many, this approach has become widely used; it is to an extent a very successful model in the field of psychotherapy (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). The client or person-centred therapy is persuaded that a person is only understood from the point of view of his or her own perception and emotionality or feelings, also known as the phenomenological world. It takes time to be able for the therapist to look into how Mrs. Todd, in this particular case, experience events not just at the events that Mrs. Todd is experiencing; i. e. , her problems and her seemingly hopeless outlook. Mrs. Todd‘s phenomenological world is a major determinant of behavior and what makes Mrs. Todd’s unique from other patients (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980) The person-centred therapeutic goals attempt to empower the patients or clients to increasingly be made aware and accepting of the real self’s true beliefs and worth and condition the person to realize these –worth and self-acceptance within the therapeutic relationship. The management then is not impossible but neither is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or believe that there is going to be curative effects in the process. It presupposes that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in leading or facilitating the changes or modifications. It is very much essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviourist) that the client understands ownership to the deeds and choices in thought patterns he/she made are crucial to the recurring or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980)). Moreover, the identification of specific treatments or interventions according to the diagnosed issue will be accommodated and implemented based on the chosen treatment modalities fit with the therapeutic approach utilized. Another contention of this approach is that the therapist should never attempt to manipulate the circumstances for Mrs. Todd. What is important is that Mrs. Todd should create conditions that will empower her to make decisions of her own. The premise of this approach lies in the belief that when a person like Mrs. Todd is no longer concerned with the evaluations, preferences and demands that others make upon her, she will then be released to spur on and live according to the expected innate tendency to self-actualize or reach her potential self. Many of those who use this approach however, do not usually strictly use the pattern that Rogers indicated in his model. In this case, a counsellor’s personality and disposition must merge well with this approach. This is because, the skills needed are at times individual in nature; the crucial aspect then is how some of the strategies must be patient to put up plain unconditional positive regard (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). There is no hundred percent guarantee that Mrs. Todd will be able to fully heal in every aspect of her struggling life. Her problems can be real as she has to cope with the loss that can no longer be restored. So much so that it is not easy in the individualistic society that America is and become confined in a home or institution whose caregivers may be distant. When a therapist pursues the client with tenacious determination to enable and empower the patient, it is not impossible that the likes of Mrs. Todd will have her life back and find meaning even in the twilight of her years. Conclusions It is always worthwhile to spend ample time thinking and studying the many-faceted dimensions of human persona, from physical to moral and psychological areas among others. It has contributed a lot to my personal understanding of self-awareness and the development of the consciousness and sensitivity of what other humans like me are going through. It caters to a deeper understanding as well as acceptance of people’s frailties, and also their strengths. ~Nature and Importance of therapy Behavior is described and analyzed. On this basis, an attempt to predict behavior is possible, and although this may not thoroughly and completely be accomplished in some endeavours, the basic understanding then is that there are certain expectations concerning how any person would act or decide upon things that are within his conscious awareness Psychology is of great importance to man since psychological problems are common to group relations, in whatever framework a person or group of individuals come from. Although an immediate relief is very helpful, this may not always be the case in most illnesses. The goal as mentioned is to provide long-term reduction of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if possible. The management then is not impossible but neither is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or believe that there is going to be curative effects in the process. It presupposes that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in leading or facilitating the changes or modifications. It is very much essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviourist) that the client understands ownership to the deeds and choices in thought patterns he/she made are crucial to the recurring or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Seden, 1995). ~Promoting therapy Psychotherapists believe that therapy contributes a lot to the improvement of the psychological condition of the client (Seden, 1995). Therapy can come in many varied forms and the use of these or any of these has been proven to be of vital significance to clients from various walks of life and with myriads of problems or mental and emotional challenges. Therapy may be long-termed analytical experiences or encounters or brief problem-oriented treatment/intervention. Whatever the case, these consultations and in-depth interactions and activities between a practitioner therapist and the client in most cases, are beneficial (Burnard, 1992, 1994). The relationship here is that the therapist and client relate in a cordial and friendly manner and the therapist propels the conversation in an energized tone (Hough, 2002). This sets the pace for the client to talk about themselves, how the feel about anything and everything surrounding their lives. More to that, this intricate relationship and dialogue with the therapist assist the client to hear themselves and how they experience themselves, how the therapist experiences them, how they experience the therapist as an individual and friend and so on Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980) Needless to say this kind of therapy can be very tricky to use especially in the case of two opposite sex. It may yield a counter transference and the therapeutic distance. This may impede on the effectiveness of the therapy. It is therefore important that the therapist be very self aware of himself and objective through out the whole process of therapy. He should be in close monitoring of the evolution of the relationship with the client and on the look out for potential obstruction or abuse of power during the sessions of therapy (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). This is not only a requirement in gestalt psychotherapy but basically in all psychotherapies. It is required by law that the therapist should always keep a therapeutic distance from the client because a breach in observing that distance is tantamount to abuse. This is because in therapy the client is usually vulnerable to the therapist and may feel pressured to please the authority (therapist) although in the real situation, this would be atrocious. This means that if not in the jurisdiction to the therapist to choose for the client what is morally right or wrong since the foundational basic of this therapy is that the client is responsible and is capable of charting his/her own course and behavior. Basically, in this therapy it is not about the ‘should’ and ‘should nots’ so to speak since this impedes on spontaneity and the integration of wholesome self awareness (Brearley, 1996). Reference: Burnard, P. (1994) 2nd ed Counselling Skills for Health Professionals. London: Chapman Hall. Burnard, P. (1992) Effective Communication Skills for Health Professionals. London: Chapman Hall. Brearley, J. (1996) Counselling And Social Work. Buckingham: OU Press. Hough, M. (2002) A practical Approach to Counselling, 2nd edn. London: Prentice Hall. Lishman, J. (1994) Communication in Social Work. Macmillan. McLeod, J. (1998). Introduction to Counselling. Buckingham: OU Press. (Chpt 1) Nelson-Jones, R. (1988) Practical Counselling and Helping Skills (4th Ed). London Cassel Rogers, Carl . R. 1951. Client-Centred Counselling, Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. Rogers, Carl . R. 1959. A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships, as developed in the client-centered framework. In S. Koch (ed. ). Psychology: A study of science. (pp. 184-256). N. Y. : McGraw Hill. Smith, M. K. (1997, 2004) ‘Carl Rogers and informal education’, the Encyclopaedia of informal education. [www. infed. org/thinkers/et-rogers. htm. Seden, J. (1999). Counselling Skills in Social Work Practice. Buckingham: OU Press. How to cite Since human individuals, Papers

Mobile Music Touch Essay Example For Students

Mobile Music Touch Essay Yet the process of learning an instrument can be time-consuming and often beyond the time constraints of a busy working adult. Beyond the initial learning of songs, practice is required to retain the knowledge. As soon as a new song is learned, forgetting begins immediately . Thus, repetitious practice is needed to retain the new skills. For some musicians with repetitive stress injuries, such practice can, ironically, be hazardous to their career. However, learning is not always an active process. Much research has been conducted on the phenomenon of sieve learning. Passive learning is described as learning that is caught, rather than taught, and is characterized as typically effortless, responsive to animated stimuli, amenable to artificial aid to relaxation, and characterized by an absence of resistance to what is learned . Studies have shown that passive learning of information can occur when subjects are exposed to media rich environments. In a study by Cliff King and Robin Snyder, subjects who lived in a media rich environment and were passively exposed to political information were 40% more keel to have acquired the information than subjects living in a media poor environment . Both subject groups had no interest in the political information. With the progression of technology in the mobile and tactile fields, a media rich environment need not only be limited to audio and visual stimulation. Research has shown that a multi-modal combination of audio and hepatic cues gives the user a richer understanding of musical structure and improves performance of the musical piece . Perhaps a user can be exposed to practice and repetition of hepatic kills while engaged in their daily routines (e. G. Working at a desk, commuting on the subway, etc. And can thus reinforce their skills automatically. We term the phenomenon of acquiring motor skills without active attention Passive Hepatic Learning (PHIL). Note that passive tactile learning, as will be discussed here, would be technically a subset of passive hepatic learning. Other researchers have examined Mobile Music Touch (MAT) helps teach users to play piano melodies while they perform other tasks. MAT is a lightweig ht, wireless hepatic music instruction system insisting of fingerless gloves and a mobile Bluetooth enabled computing device, such as a mobile phone. Passages to be learned are loaded into the mobile phone and are played repeatedly while the user performs other tasks. As each note of the Mobile Music Touch By luxuriating used to play each note. We present two studies on the efficacy of MAT. The first measures 16 subjects ability to play a passage after using MAT for 30 minutes while performing a reading comprehension test. The MAT system was significantly more effective than a control condition where the passage was played repeatedly but the objects fingers were not vibrated. The second study compares the amount of time required for 10 subjects to replay short, randomly generated passages using passive training versus active training. Participants with no piano experience could repeat the passages after passive training while subjects with piano experience often could not. Author Keywords Hepatic, Tactile, Music, Wearable, Passive training ACM Classification Keywords H. 5. 2 Information Interfaces and Presentation: Miscellaneous. General Terms Human Factors, Experimentation.

Medication Errors in Nursing Ethics of Veracity and Gate Keeping Essay Example

Medication Errors in Nursing: Ethics of Veracity and Gate Keeping Paper Part of the nursing ethics is the immediate reporting and filing of any medication error committed during the span of nurse’s duty. Standard protocol mandated by most institutions is the placement of incident report upon committing the mistake; however, practitioners do not place these records on the patient’s permanent database or even on the patient charts to avoid compromise of their medical comrades. The main issue confronting such practice is the ethical principle of professional gate keeping versus duty of veracity and the violation of patient’s right to know every event of the care process. b. Problem Background Based from the definition of National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCCMERP), medication error is considered as â€Å"any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient or consumer† (NCCMERP; cited in Brendle, 2007 p. We will write a custom essay sample on Medication Errors in Nursing: Ethics of Veracity and Gate Keeping specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Medication Errors in Nursing: Ethics of Veracity and Gate Keeping specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Medication Errors in Nursing: Ethics of Veracity and Gate Keeping specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 146). Nurses are confronted by medication errors often times and the act of filing an incident report to alert other members of the health care team is indeed the best collaborative intervention supported by their duty of nonmaleficence (Yeo and Moorhouse, 1996 p. 295). However, these reports are purposely undocumented in the patient charts or permanent records to prevent the risks of legal suit against the practitioner who committed the error, which arguably contradicts to the ethical principle of nurses’ duty of veracity. II. Review of Literature a. Medication Error Medication error is a critical violation of the five rights of medication administration, which can lead to legal liabilities of malpractice or incompetence (White, 2000 p. 486). According to the reports made by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), medication errors are the most prevalent health care errors in the hospital practice affecting approximately 3. 7% of the patients (Brendle, 2007 p. 146). In case of medication errors, the nurses are obliged legally and ethically to report them directly to the nursing manager or in charge physician as mandated. According to Josephson (2005), improper medication administration can double the risk of the patient from dying due to the complications brought by the misadministration of the drug (p. 53-54). IOM reports state that medication errors approximately cause 44,000 to 98,000 deaths annually with liability and health care costs accounting to U. S. $17 to $29 billion each year (Brendle, 2007 p. 146). b. Professional Gate Keeping: Process of Containing the Error Part of the medical team code is to protect the credentials and status of their co-health care providers from external professional threats, which is known as professional gate keeping (Pickering and Thompson, 2001 p. 156-157). According to Timby (2008), after committing a misadministration of medication, the nurse immediately files the incident using the incident sheets or accident form to document the incident; however, this document is not made available via the patient’s permanent record or chart documentation as a form of professional gate keeping (p. 775). Medication errors are filed using this reports to formally endorse the facts of the incident to either the physician or nursing manager. According to Roe (2002), once the incident report has been submitted, the nurse responsible for the mistake must document the interventions done (e. g. administration of antidote, etc. ), individual responsible for the counter intervention and time and date (p. 6). The incident report and the exact details of the mistake are not documented in the patient chart to protect the practitioner from legal suit (Timby, 2008 p. 775). Even if the documentation of the incident is ethically compromised based on the principle of veracity, the health care team ensures the reversal and cure of any possible complications dealt by the misadministration of the drug. According to Williams (2008), it is always important to perform timely and accurate documentation in order to prevent the misadministration of any medication. Training nursing staffs on the different error-preventive systems have become crucial to the management of the workforce. Capriotti has emphasized the need for periodical review and update of medication calculations as preventive tasks against medication errors. According to Davis (2008), an e-learning system was designed to facilitate individualized training and learning packages involving the controlling, storage, administration, wastage and disposal of medicines. c. Ethical Principle of Veracity Based on the principle of veracity, the nurse is also obliged to keep the patient informed on all the events associated to his or her health care regimen. According to Boyd (2007), the ethics of veracity mandates the health care provider to tell the patient all truths concerning his or her health care process (p. 169). Despite the legal and professional risks of disclosing the mistake committed by the nurse, the ethics of veracity demands the disclosure of information to the patient and other involved members of the health care team (Bosek and Savage, 2007 p. 376). According to Lipe and Beasley (2003), the principle of veracity demands the disclosure of information either by the designated nursing head or physician involved in the patient care regimen (p. 232). However, if the institution adheres to the ethical principle of veracity, another principle of health care professionalism –gate keeping- becomes compromised. According to Bosek and Savage (2007), the nurse must immediately report the incident to the nursing leader due to three most important rationales, specifically (a) the nursing leader has an ethical commitment to benefit the nurse staffs, (b) nursing leaders are tasked to protect the patients assigned in their corresponding department, and (c) nursing leaders require the filing of incident reports to better evaluate the performances of their nursing workforce (p. 376). In the study of Luk, Ng and Ko et al. , K. (2008), health care authorities are likely to comfort, understand and support their staffs following the disclosure of incident, which consequently removes any existing professional barrier for gate keeping. However, the principle of veracity still disapproves the non-disclosure of error to the patient. III. Discussion In synthesis of the discussion, medication errors can cause a life threatening harm to the patient. If the health care provider do not immediately notify or disclose the truth of the actual accident to the appropriate personnel – nursing leaders, physicians, the patient may suffer from the complications of the drug misadministration (Roe, 2002 p. 6). On the other hand, if the health care provider discloses the information to the health care authorities involved, the professional and competency evaluations of the nurse concerned may become affected (Yeo and Moorhouse, 1996 p. 295). Nonetheless, the nurse satisfies the principle of veracity by telling the truth of the situation to the health care authorities filing, which aims at providing the best interest for the patient. However, such act fails to satisfy veracity on the part of the patient since the incident report remains undocumented on the patient chart and permanent records (Bosek and Savage, 2007 p. 376). Furthermore, the concerned practitioner does not inform the patient about the misadministration, despite the counter procedures done to alleviate the possible complications of medication error. Lastly, if the practitioner discloses the information to both patient and health care authorities, the nurse may be able to satisfy the principle of veracity but the patient is likely to file a suit for malpractice or professional incompetence. In all the three situations presented, the best option for the nurse is to direct the accident to the higher authorities by following the standard protocol of filing an incident report. Next, the nurse must monitor the patient for possible reactions from the drug misadministration, while ensuring the immediate administration of interventions countering any possible side effects of the drug misadministration (Roberts and Hoop, 2008 p. 104). Considering the best interests for both patient and nurse, it is more practical to keep the incident from the permanent medical records for the protection of the health care provider under gate keeping (Pickering and Thompson, 2001 p. 156-157). Despite the professional benefit of gate keeping, non-disclosure of the information directly to the patient may erode the patient-provider trust relationships and dramatically cause an impact to the institution’s quality of care. As supported by the study of Schulmeister (2008), the safety measures (e. g. patient identification schemes, bar code scans, etc. ) aimed at preventing these errors only reduce the incidence of errors but cannot entirely eliminate medication errors. In fact, from January 2000 until December 2005, MEDMARX pharmaceuticals recorded 2,783 errors associated to barcode verification system (Schulmeister,2008). According to MEDMARX, wrong administration of medications commonly resulted to allergic responses manifesting rashes, swelling, itching, wheezing and pulmonary distresses (Beyea and Hicks, 2003). Nonetheless, the jurisdiction of disclosure largely depends on the health care authorities and, as long as the incident has a minor impact on the patient, the disclosure of information must still follow the principle of gate keeping. Meanwhile, appropriate interventions must be done to the patient ensuring the safety and countering of drug side effects. IV. Summary In conclusion, medication errors are likely to occur within the health care setting. An immediate action is considered vital to the prevention of any potential life threatening risk. The nurse attending to the medication needs of the patients must be well aware of the ethical principles of gate keeping and veracity in deciding the most appropriate and practical decision to perform. These principles justify the reason for filing an incident report than directly informing the patient regarding the incident. Even though veracity fails to be applied to the patient, the nurse can still immediately disclose the information to the higher authorities of the health care team preventing further the harm on the part of the patient. In the end of the conflict, it is already the jurisdiction of the provider or institution whether to conform in the principle of gate keeping or perform according to the ethical right of veracity. References Beyea, S. C. , Hicks, R. W. (2003, September). Oops the Patient is Allergic to that Medication. Patient Safety First, 77, 650-654. Bosek, M. , Savage, T. (2007). The Ethical Component of Nursing Education: Integrating Ethics Into Clinical Experience. New York, U. S. A: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Boyd, M. (2007). Psychiatric Nursing: Contemporary Practice. New York, U. S. A: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Brendle, L. (2007). Best Practices: Evidence-based Nursing Procedures. New York, U. S. A: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Capriotti, T. (2004, February). Basic Concepts to Prevent Medication Errors. MEDSURG Nursing, 13, 21-65. Davis, C. (2008, September). A spoonful of training. Nursing Standard, 23, 20-21. Josephson, D. L. (2005). Intravenous Infusion Therapy for Nurses: Principles Practice. London, New York: Cengage Learning. Luk, L. , Ng, W. , Ko et al. , K. (2008, June). Nursing Management of Medication Errors. Nursing Ethics, 15, 28-39. Lipe, S. K. , Beasley, S. (2003). Critical Thinking in Nursing: A Cognitive Skills Workbook. New York, U. S. A: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Pickering, S. , Thompson, J. (2003). Clinical Governance and Best Value: Meeting the Modernisation Agenda. New York, U. S. A: Elsevier Health Sciences. Roberts, L. , Hoop, J. (2008). Professionalism and Ethics: Q and A Self-Study Guide for Mental Health Professionals. New York, U. S. A: American Psychiatric Pub. Roe, S. (2002). Delmars Clinical Nursing Skills Concepts. London, New York: Cengage Learning. Schulmeister, L. (2008, June). Patient Misidentification in Oncology Care. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 12, 495-498. Timby, B. (2008). Fundamental Nursing Skills and Concepts. New York, U. S. A: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. White, L. (2000). Foundations of Nursing: Caring for the Whole Person. London, New York: Cengage Learning. Williams, L. (2008, June). Was the medication given?. Long-Term Living, 57, 53-55. Yeo, M. , Moorhouse, A. (1996). Concepts and Cases in Nursing Ethics. New York, U. S. A: Broadview Press.

Digitization and convergence of music industry

Digitization and convergence of music industry Traditional record industry business model Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Graham Vickery note that the relationship between the artist and the record company is usually contractual which normally last for a limited period of time or number of records depending on the specification of the contract.1 Record companies converts the artistic creation into consumer products alongside investing in artists to expand and market their works.2 Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Digitization and convergence of music industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A record industry can be said to be doing extremely good if one in ten of the total artist investment in turn out profitable. Noteworthy, most artist often never sell enough to recover the incurred overall cost. Record companies sponsor novice artists from profits, catalogues sales and new releases. Artist must achieve a specified number of copies sold to break even. The customary re cording industry revenue is collected from recordings while the turnover from T-shirt sales, concerts and so forth, normally grow to the artist. Once a music piece has become popular, the music industry package industry in diverse bundles to sell the same consumer the same piece multiple times.1 In times of increasing revenue from sponsorship, merchandised, live touring and declining sales of CDs the industry has experience a shrinking share in the general 1Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Graham Vickery, ‘Digital Broadband Content: Music’, Working Party on the Information Economy: Directorate for science, technology and industry committee for information, computer and communications policy, 2004, p. 39. 2Barney Wragg, Vice President, eLabs, Universal Music International (UMI) and Ms. Sara John, Government Affairs Head, EMI Music during the OECD Digital Broadband Content Panel (OECD, 2004b).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! G et your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More music revenue. With regard to declining CD sale, the negative outcome of the changing record label approach on the artist’s returns had to be revisited in terms of digital music sales also which may shift artists’ returns. 1 Digital rights management (DRM) Effective DRM technologies have been embraced as the business enablers has for the digital delivery of music as well as for the numerous business models that meet the consumers expectations. In spite of their drawbacks, they may be a significant technical device for protecting the IPRs and have potential of becoming persistent across the overall digital distribution chain. Through their capacity to secure content, they may motivate the content rightholders to avail content for digitization and ensuing digital sales. By virtue of their ability to offer diverse access schemes to content the, DRMs may afford content aids that are conform to consumer needs incl uding the right to buy time-limited admittance to songs and thereby increasing consumers choice and expectation. Many problems are associated with DRMs. To begin with the key problems with DRM’s appear to have had difficulty in curbing unauthorized access. DRM programmes and technologies should be substantially robust to guarantee the protection of digital content to piracy. Means of harnessing technology to secure intellectual property have been developed and have taken effect. 3European Commission, ‘communication on The Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Internal Market’. To address this issue, various governments have pledge to develop a sufficient legal protection and useful legal solutions against the circumvention of technological security interventions such as DRMs. These lawful protections are prerequisite for DRMs to function as expected. 1 Second, the expanding adaption of DRM technologies has posed question that the latter may potentiall y restrict usage rights. Indeed this concern has become a policy basis presumably for consumer association and is apparent in relevant forums. Based on some academics, limits place to private copies can turn out bothersome when they swing the equilibrium between the expectations of copyright holders as well as the public.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Digitization and convergence of music industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More DRMs have seldom been known to block legitimate access of content and services, unlike the CD-Rom copy-protection technologies. Nevertheless, designers of DRM, users of DRM-protected product must be equally concerned to ensure suitable usage rights, and players in the market adapting DRM, transparency, privacy, and ease reliability of access.1 Bibliography European Commission, ‘communication on The Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Internal Market’, 2004, pp. 11 Wragg B, John S, ‘EMI Music during the OECD Digital Broadband Content Panel’ (OECD, 2004b). Wunsch-Vincent, S Vickery G, ‘Digital Broadband Content: Music’, Working Party on the Information Economy, Directorate for science, technology and  industry committee for information, computer and communications policy, 2004, p. 39.

Flood Prevention and Lessons Learned (Cedar Rapids Iowa Flood of 2008) Essay

Flood Prevention and Lessons Learned (Cedar Rapids Iowa Flood of 2008) - Essay Example The floods which were experienced in 2008 in the city of Iowa caused massive damage, farmlands were destroyed businesses were demolished all major social amenities were almost taken to ground and thousands of people who were living in Iowa were left homeless. Millions of dollars’ worth of property was destroyed and lead to the lives being lost and livelihoods being shattered. Floods were later to be categorized as the Fifth major disaster that has ever occurred in the United States and the first in the city of Iowa (Nazoom, 58). When it comes to comparison and categorizing, it takes one back to the flood stories. While giving a comparison between the two floods stories namely the Old Testament and Gilgamesh epic, one gets a great an impression that there are similar occurrences. For some scholars, the similar elements between the two flood stories become perplexing. There are possible things with the two accounts shown by Alexander Heidel. These possibilities are that the Hebr ew story came first then the Babylonian story followed thus copied from the previous. The Hebrew story could therefore have borrowed the ideas from the Babylonians and both stories descended from the common original story of Noah. Since many people are conversant with the original story in the Old Testament, they forget to research on how the genesis story resembles the flood story of Gilgamesh (Sanders, 2003). The two stories are so alike with the main theme of forgiveness being the domineering similarity between the two. The two stories however differ in the events that took place during the floods, which for many seem to be the small details. In the two flood stories, the numbers of event days differ regardless of the basic events taking place in very different ages. Focusing on the flood stories for a minute, It is before 2000 B.C that Gilgamesh flood story got the first publishing while the Old Testament story was in 400 B.C, which came much later than the Gilgamesh flood (Sand ers, 2003). In both stories, God or gods gets annoyed and the Old Testament clearly shows how those who did not follow the correct ways he wanted them to follow annoyed God. The other difference is that there are worshiped gods or God as well as heroes like Noah during this period. When the Gilgamesh story takes place, gods allow existence of half-god and half-human on earth. The other similarity is the number of people saved and the reasons behind the saving after the floods. Having looked at both stories carefully, there is a good man like Noah in the Old Testament and Utnapishtim from Gilgamesh, saved and chosen by either God or gods (Nazoomi, 2005). In the two stories, both men choose to send birds to find the dry land. Both Noah and Utnapishtim are rewarded because they show proper reverence to their gods. Years after the floods in Cedar Rapids took place, the people and the leadership of that area is still trying to recover from the damage that the floods caused their sufferin g. Different policies have been developed since of which some have been accepted and others criticized or rejected. The United States Government offered the City of Cedar Rapids 2 million Dollars to help them after the devastations, but what was actually incurred by the floods was 5Million dollars worth of damages. What it actually meant was that the remaining amount in which the Government did not provide, the people of

Evaluating websites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluating websites - Essay Example For academic purposes however, khanacademy.org may not pass as a valid reference because it is not considered a scholarly site but rather just a tutorial. It could however, support as reference to scholarly journals. With Hulu.com, the films and clips that would be shown there can be referenced because it is the film maker that matters in academic citation and not the medium or platform. I chose to evaluate these two websites because they are very popular among teenagers like me and I would like to figure out myself if they are valid and substantive website. I also would like to know if they could pass for academic referencing. After studying that valid academic websites must be supported by scientific methodologies, I concluded khancademy.org may not qualify to be used as a primary reference even if it is very popular among students like me. Of course these websites are very helpful and easy to use especially Hulu.com. Who does not want to watch movies and tv anyway? It is also almost plug and play the moment we have chosen our desired film or tv series so it is very easy to use. It is also very helpful because the interface of the website is very easy to understand and navigate (hulu.com). With regard to khanacademy.org, the website is also extremely helpful with the basics in case we want to brush up with it. The site however is not much of use to college students and especially if the lessons that we are dealing with are quite complex. In addition, it cannot be used as a primary reference and not a site for research. With regard to its ease of use, the website is also easy to navigate and the subjects are logically arranged and categorized so that they can be easily located (khanacademy.org). There are things that could be learned from khancademy.org than Hulu.com. Hulu.com is an entertainment website and in academic sense, there is nothing much to be picked from it. But if we want to have a cost effective

Bilateral Ankle Fusion in Leak Syndrome Induced Deformity

Bilateral Ankle Fusion in Leak Syndrome Induced Deformity ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Systemic capillary leak syndrome is a rare condition of unknown etiology defined by sudden episode of hypotension, high hematocrit and low serum protein concentration due to capillary hyperpermeability. Several treatments have been published for this pathology and eventual compartment syndrome but not for the disabling consequences. This clinical case highlights the negative orthopaedic consequences of a severe systemic attack and reports a subsequent deformity treatment option that resulted in patient quality of life improvement. To our knowledge, orthopaedic surgery for systemic capillary leak syndrome induced foot and ankle deformity is presented for the first time. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old caucasian female patient was referred to our institution for bilateral foot and ankle deformity after compartment syndrome during systemic capillary leak syndrome attack. She presented a bilateral rigid equino-cavo-varus-adductus deformity causing walk impairment. Bilateral ankle fusion by retrograde nailing was performed in a two-staged procedure. Rigid claw toes were also surgically addressed in an additional procedure. Radiologically, apparent ankle fusion occurred at 3 months post-op in both sides. Deformity correction allowed the patient to regain walking capacity. A right ankle tibiotalar failed arthrodesis was noticed at 24 months post-op. Prophylactic human immunoglobulin therapy was initiated after the last surgery with no recurrent attack registered during the 38 months follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Bilateral ankle fusion improved this patient quality of life by restituting walking capacity and lowering the probability of lower limb deformity related ulcers and infections. Major and minor complications are also discussed. This report contributes to the global knowledge about this syndrome and elicits the importance of the induced deformities surgical correction. Keywords: systemic capillary leak syndrome, (SCLS), compartment syndrome, equino-varus, ankle fusion, ankle retrograde nailing, human immunoglobulin. INTRODUCTION Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS), describedby Clarkson et al. in 1960 [1], is a rare condition defined by sudden episodes of hypovolemic shock, elevated hematocrit and hypoalbuminemia without albuminuria [2, 3]. The etiology is still unknown, although several possible triggers have been reported as upper respiratory tract infections, sustained physical effort and menstruation [1, 4]. It results in generalized or segmental edema and, in severe cases,compartment syndrome requiring emergent fasciotomy [2-5]. The sudden intracompartimental high pressure often originates vascular and neurological damage and consequent lower limb deformity [3, 6]. Prolonged hospital stay may also aggravate this condition with osteoporosis following a long-term immobilization or limb disuse. Deformity frequently leads to walk impairment and decreased quality of life [7]. A few retrospective studies report ankle fusion for correction of compartment syndrome induced deformity. None of them included SCLS etiology for compartment syndrome [6,7]. Several treatments have been published for SCLS and compartment syndrome [1-5] but not for the disabling consequences. To our knowledge, orthopaedic surgery for SCLS induced foot and ankle deformity is presented for the first time. CASE PRESENTATION A 40-year-old caucasian female patient was referred to our institution due to bilateral foot and ankle deformity. She had been previously diagnosed with systemic capillary leak syndrome after sudden episode of hypotension, high hematocrit and low serum protein concentration. This acute phase was managed by fluid resuscitation.The consequent generalized compartment syndrome was treated with extensive fasciotomies of both arms, forearms, hands, thighs and legs. She stayed three weeks in the intensive care unit and eight months hospitalized. Although an intense physical therapy program was applied, she was unable to walk and autonomy was limited to a wheelchair. On examination she presented a bilateral severe stiff equino-cavo-varus-adductus deformity with retraction due to subcutaneous and muscle scarring and neurological deficit. Claw hallux and lesser toes were also present bilaterally. Plantigrade weight bearing was not possible (Fig. 1). American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was 20 points. Plain radiographs showed bilateral equinovarus ankle deformity with supinated feet (Fig. 2). Achilles, posterior tibial and flexor digitorum longus tendons lengthening was performed by medial approach associated to right tibio-talocalcaneal arthrodesis with a retrograde locked intramedullary nail (PANTA ® IntegraTM) by lateral approach. Distal fibula bone was used as an autograft. At 8 weeks of follow-up, plastic surgery applied a free skin graft over a persistent post-operative medial blister (Fig. 3). Apparent fusion was obtained at three months post-operatively (Fig. 4). Six months after the initial surgery, fusion of the left ankle was performed in exactly the same fashion. Surgical wound dehiscence was the short-term complication and was resolved with dressing changes. Fusion was obtained at three months post-operatively. (Fig. 4). Fourteen months after the first surgery, we documented recurrent dorsal proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints inflammation with shoe wear. Right foot Moberg osteotomy, resection arthroplasty of PIP joints and flexor tendon tenotomy of all the lesser toes were performed. Left foot Moberg osteotomy, PIP joints fusion of the 2nd and 3rd toes with intramedullary guide implant (Ipp-On ® IntegraTM), PIP joints resection arthroplasty of the 4th toe and flexor tendon tenotomy of all the lesser toes were performed. Failure of the left hallux Moberg osteotomy staple caused hardware removal at 6 weeks post-op (Fig. 5). The rehabilitation protocol included immediate weight-bearing with walking boots and lower limb drainage. Prophylactic human immunoglobulin therapy was initiated after the last surgery. She regained walking capacity with balanced shoes and returned to work four months after left foot surgery. AOFAS score was 61 points. No toes related complaints, pressure ulcers or terminal necrosis of the toes were found. Twenty-four months after initial surgery she complained of right ankle pain de novo with weight bear and local swelling. Radiologically, failed arthrodesis with tibiotalar and subtalar bone reabsorption, peri-implant proximal radiolucency and distal calcaneus screw fracture were shown (Fig. 6). No local drainage or blood test infection parameters were found. Only symptomatic treatment and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were prescribed. At 38 months of follow-up the patient refers no significant right ankle pain and no SCLS attacks recurrence were registered. DISCUSSION This high-risk patients and the unpredictable course of the disease required a multidisciplinary treatment options discussion. The patient never accepted irreversible autonomy loss and was aware of all the possible negative surgery consequences when she signed the surgery consent. There are few treatment options for long-term sequelae of compartment syndrome that include arthroscopic assisted arthrodesis, fusion with external fixator or internal devices such as plates or intramedullary nails. Arthroscopic arthrodesis is an excellent option when sparing the soft tissues is needed, however, this correction is limited to mild deformities. External fixation represents a serious risk of pin tract infection with no consensus about prevention treatment [8] and therefore we advocate as a potential risk for SCLS relapse. Fusion with plate and screws implies a considerable aggression to the already damaged soft tissues, although it represents a high stiffness construct. The authors managed this clinical case as an equino-varus-cavo-adductus deformity after lower extremity compartment syndrome. Retrograde nailing avoided extensive striping and Berend et al. has demonstrated better biomechanics stiffness compared to crossed screws [9]. Wang et al. [6] described excellent satisfaction rate after retrograde nailing for lower extremity compartment sequelae. No tendinous transfers were considered due to neurological deficit, scarred muscles and stiff joints. Claw toes deformity has a high risk of pressure ulcers by shoe wear conflict. Local infection in SCLS patients may represent a potential trigger for relapse and therefore must be corrected. Considering the stiff interphalangeal joints, hallux claw deformity was managed by bilateral Moberg osteotomy. Lesser toes were addressed by resection arthroplasty of PIP joints with the exception of the stiffer left second and third toes that were fixated with an intramedullary guide implant [10]. Fusion rate of only 50% (1/2 ankles) was low compared to another published study that show rates around 91% of primary bony union after bilateral ankle arthrodesis. However, none of these patients had post-compartment syndrome ankle deformity and related sequelae [11]. With no signs of infection, late failed arthrodesis may be related to compartment syndrome, local vascular and neurological damage, technical error or even SCLS per se. Three minor complications were registered. One large posteromedial blister required skin grafting six weeks after right ankle procedure. A left ankle lateral surgical wound dehiscence healed by secondary intention only with dressing changes. Failure of left hallux Moberg osteotomy staple was managed by hardware removal. These complications are relatively common and have been previously described in foot and ankle deformity correcting arthrodesis [6, 12]. They are usually due to poor skin and vascular conditions. No delayed weight bearing was noticed in rehabilitation program due to prompt and successful treatment. Concerning deformity correction, the results were very satisfactory. The AOFAS score increased from 20 to a total of 61 points even after tibio-talocalcaneal arthrodesisthat does not allow any hind foot movement. Moreover, the painless plantar support permitted walking without crutches after 24 months confined to wheelchair. Returning to work was also an important milestone for this patient. At 38 months of follow-up the patient is now asymptomatic with minor local right ankle edema and no walking limitation. Radiologically the bone reabsorption appears to have stabilized. Anecdotal evidence has shown good results in ankle arthrodesis revision after compartment syndrome [6]. However, one must consider unpredictable consequences of fusion revision in a SCLS patient, including a severe attack during the anaesthesia or post-op infection with potential lethal consequences. This patient has been diagnosed with idiopathic form of SCLS. Although no direct cause was identified she had been taking azithromycin for a respiratory tract infection which may represent a potential trigger [4,13]. Monoclonal gammopathy was also present at follow-up lab blood tests as seen in more than 90% of cases [2, 4]. There are several possible prophylactic treatments, which include B2-agonists, thalidomide, calcium channel blockers and chemotherapy with limited evidence considering the rarity of the disease. Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered in the last 12 months of follow-up with no relapses adding to the hypothesis that this may represent an effective prophylaxis [4,14]. CONCLUSION Bilateral ankle fusion improved this SCLS patient functional outcome by restituting the walking capacity. One late failed arthrodesis was the major complication and may require a secondary procedure although the patient is currently asymptomatic. Four surgeries were performed with no SCLS attacks recurrence registered at 38 months follow-up period. Prophylactic human immunoglobulin may have contributed to the absence of relapses. Although surgical correction of SCLS skeletal deformities sequelae represents an orthopaedic challenge, we believe that this treatment should be considered in previously autonomous highly motivated active patients. REFERENCES 1. Clarkson B, Thompson D, Horwith M, Luckey EH. Cyclical edema and shock due to increased capillary permeability. Am J Med. 1960 Aug;29:193-216. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002934360900188 2. Atkinson JP, Waldmann TA, Stein SF, Gelfand JA, Macdonald WJ, Heck LW, Cohen EL, Kaplan AP, Frank MM. Systemic capillary leak syndrome and monoclonal IgG gammopathy; studies in a sixth patient and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1977 May;56(3):225-39. http://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Citation/1977/05000/SYSTEMIC_CAPILLARY_LEAK_SYNDROME_AND_MONOCLONAL.4.aspx 3. Sanghavi R, Aneman A, Parr M, Dunlop L, Champion D. Systemic capillary leak syndrome associated with compartment syndrome and rhabdomyolysis. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2006 Jun;34(3):388-91. http://www.aaic.net.au/document/?D=2005303 4. Gousseff M, Arnaud L, Lambert M, Hot A, Hamidou M, Duhaut P, Papo T, Soubrier M, Ruivard M, Malizia G, Tieulià © N, Rivià ¨re S, Ninet J, Hatron PY, Amoura Z. The systemic capillary leak syndrome: a case series of 28 patients from a European registry. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Apr 5;154(7):464-71. http://annals.org/aim/article/746914/systemic-capillary-leak-syndrome-case-series-28-patients-from-european 5. Kyeremanteng K, DEgidio G, Wan C, Baxter A, Rosenberg H. Compartment Syndrome as a Result of Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome. Case Rep Crit Care 2016;2016:4206397. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5027304/ 6.   Wang X, Ma X, Zhang C, Huang JZ, Gu XJ, Jiang JY. Ankle fusion with a retrograde locked intramedullary nail for sequela of lower extremity compartment syndrome. Chin J Traumatol. 2012;15(3):140-4. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1008127515302911 7. Lintz F, Colombier JA, Letenneur J, Gouin F. Management of long-term sequelae of compartment syndrome involving the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Int. 2009 Sep;30(9):847-53. http://fai.sagepub.com/content/30/9/847.abstract 8. Jennison T, McNally M, Pandit H. Prevention of infection in external fixator pin sites. Acta Biomater. 2014 Feb;10(2):595-603. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1742706113004790 9. Berend ME, A biomechanical comparison of intramedullary nail and crossed lag sure fixation for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 1997; 18(10). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9347301 10. Coillard JY, Petri GJ, van Damme G, Deprez P, Laffenà ªtre O. Stabilization of proximal interphalangeal joint in lesser toe deformities with an angulated intramedullary implant. Foot Ankle Int. 2014 Apr;35(4):401-7. http://fai.sagepub.com/content/35/4/401.long 11. Henricson A, Kamrad I, Rosengren B, Carlsson Ã…. Bilateral Arthrodesis of the Ankle Joint: Self-Reported Outcomes in 35 Patients From the Swedish Ankle Registry. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2016 Sep 7. pii: S1067-2516(16)30176-4. http://www.jfas.org/article/S1067-2516(16)30176-4/abstract 12. Asomugha EU1, Den Hartog BD, Junko JT, Alexander IJ. Tibiotalocalcaneal Fusion for Severe Deformity and Bone Loss. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2016 Mar;24(3):125-34. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26829585 13. Amoura Z, Papo T, Ninet J, Hatron PY, Guillaumie J, Piette AM, Blà ©try O, Dequiedt P, Talasczka A, Rondeau E, Dutel JL, Wechsler B, Piette JC. Systemic capillary leak syndrome: report on 13 patients with special focus on course and treatment. Am J Med. 1997 Dec;103(6):514-9. http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(97)00272-6/abstract 14. Marra AM1, Gigante A, Rosato E. Intravenous immunoglobulin in systemic capillary leak syndrome: a case report and review of literature. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2014 Mar;10(3):349-52. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1586/1744666X.2014.882771

Stanley Saitowitz :: essays papers

"THE ESSENTIAL MEDIUM OF ARCHITECTURE IS SPACE. A VOID TO BE FILLED WITH LIFE." (SAITOWITZ) THIS IS WHAT STANLEY SAITOWITZ HAS COME TO BELIEVE AFTER HIS 20 PLUS YEARS AS AN ARCHITECT. THERE IS NOT MUCH HISTORY RECORDED ABOUT THIS PECULIAR ARCHITECT. WHAT WE DO KNOW IS THAT HE IS A SOUTH AFRICAN JEWISH ARCHITECT. HE STARTED HIS CAREER OFF BUILDING SMALL HOMES IN SOUTH AFRICA. HIS MOST FAMOUS EARLY PROJECT IS THE TRANSVAAL HOUSE, FOR WHICH HE LATER WROTE A BOOK ON. ( A HOUSE IN TRANSVAAL, SAITOWITZ 1979) IN THE EARLY EIGHTYS HE MOVED TO THE LUSH HILLS OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA WHERE MANY OF HIS MASTERPIECES RESIDE AS WELL. HIS WORKS ALTHOUGH SCATTER THE HILLSIDES IN NORHTERN CALIFORNIA, ARE ALSO SCATTERED ACROSS THE COUNTRY AS WELL AS INTERNATIONALLY. HIS PROJECTS SPAN IN CERTAIN PLACES SUCH AS BOSTON, COLUMBUS INDIANA, NEW YORK, SAN FRANSISCO AND THE BAY AREA, AND BERLIN. FROM WHAT WE KNOW SAITOWITZ ATTENDED THE UNIVERSITY OF WITWATERSRAND IN JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA. SAITOWITZ’S ROLE MODELS INCLUDE VICTOR HUGO, SOL WEXNER, SIGMUND FREUD AND LE COURBUSIER. SAITOWITZ STATES THAT HE IS "ALWAYS DREAMING ABOUT WHAT LE CORBUSIER WOULD BE DOING TODAY." CORBUSIER’S INFLUENCE CAN BE SEEN IN MANY OF SAITOWITZ’S WORK INCLUDING EXPOSED CONCRETE SURFACES AND SEPERATED STAIR WELLS, AS WELL AS MANY SPACE USAGES AND CURTAIN WALL CONSTRUCTION. ONE OF MY FAVORITE PROJECTS OF SAITOWITZ’S IS THE HOLLOCAUST MEMORIAL. THIS MEMORIAL CONSISTS OF SIX GLASS TOWERS; EACH ETCHED WITH ONE MILLION NUMBERS, SYMBOLIZING THE 6 MILLION INNOCENT JEWS THAT PERISHED UNDER THE EVIL HANDS OF THE NAZIS. THIS IS LOCATED ALONG FREEDOM WAY IN BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. FOR THIS HE EARNED THE HENRY BACON MEDAL, AN HONOR ONLY GIVEN TO 8 PREVIOUS ARCHITECTS SINCE ITS INCEPTION IN 1966 AFTER THE ARCHITECT OF THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL. EACH OF THE BOHEMOTH GLASS TOWERS SITS ASIDE A PIT LIT WITH FIBER-OPTIC LIGHT AND A STEAM GENERATOR. SAITOWITZ STATES THAT "SOME PEOPLE THINK THE PITS OF FIRE SYMBOLIZE THE SIX NAZI DEATH CAMPS, OTHERS FEEL THAT THE WARM AIR RISING UP FROM THE GROUND IS LIKE THAT OF HUMAN BREATH AS IT PASSES THROUGH THE GLASS CHIMNEYS TO HEAVEN." THIS IS VERY SIGNIFICANT TO ME BECAUSE MANY OF MY FAMILY MEMBERS PERISHED LONG BEFORE I WAS BORN IN THE HANDS OF THE NAZIS. MY GRANDPARENTS STILL BEAR THE LIFELONG SCARS, THE TATTOO ENGRAVED ON THEIR ARMS ARE LIFE-LONG REMINDERS OF THE MASS DESTRUCTION OF LIFE THAT OCCURRED IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR.

Scarlett Letter Sin Essay

The Different Shades of Sins An Irish Proverb states â€Å"All Sins cast long shadows. † Throughout the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne viewed the sins as a spectrum of many colors. The novel revolves around Hester Prynne, who is convicted of adultery in colonial Salem by the Puritan society. For her punishment, she is condemned to wear the red scarlet letter â€Å"A† on her chest as a permanent sign of her sin.Exposing to sin and the temptation of its concealment in capricious degrees, Nathaniel Hawthorne demonstrated the different shades of sins through the actions of several main characters, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth. In the beginning of the book, we learn Hester Prynne committed the sin of adultery. Although meant to crush Hester’s spirit, she is proud of her sin and becomes a strong, tough minded character. While the author Hawthorne has Puritan heritage, he portrays Hester as one of the most â€Å"able† of people in Salem because she confessed her sin.While the religious and high ranking citizens of Salem continue to ridicule her for being and adulteress, â€Å"many people refused to interpret the scarlet A by its original signification† (168). The product of this sin was Hester’s daughter Pearl. Unlike the way of the Puritans, Hester creates â€Å"beauty, shining through the gorgeous robes† (87) of Pearl, and thus Pearl stands out in crowds. To Hester, her sin was marrying someone she did not love, Roger Chillingworth. In the eyes of Hester and Dimmesdale, they are not â€Å"the worst sinners in the world.There is one worse than even the polluted priest! That old man's revenge has been blacker than my sin. He has violated, in cold blood, the sanctity of a human heart. Thou and I, Hester, never did so! † (225) Going against the heart is the greatest sin possible to Hester and Dimmesdale and their â€Å"sin† was between two people who truly loved e ach other. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is the father of Pearl and the one who committed the sin of adultery with Hester. As a man of high power in Salem, he does not confess the sin and the mental guilt would slowly kill him.Eventually, â€Å"his moral force was abased into more than childish weakness† (105) Through the ability Hester has shown and the miserable state of Dimmesdale, Hawthorne shows the power of confessing a sin. In an attempt to escape for their pasts, Hester, Pearl, and Dimmesdale plan to leave Salem. However, Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s legal husband, also catches a ride on the same boat. Returning to Salem, Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl go the scaffold, the place where Hester is originally condemned. In his dieing moments, Dimmesdale confesses his sin in front of the townspeople while also revealing a self inflicted â€Å"A† on his chest.Of all the sinners, Roger Chillingworth was the biggest. First, his sin of marrying a younger women and s ending her over sees causes the adultery claim. When he arrives in Salem and learns of this, he commits his biggest sin†¦ violating the human heart. Rather than Hester’s adultery being her sin, Hawthorne goes against Puritan values by making violating the heart Hester’s true sin. At first, Chillingworth asks Hester to â€Å"speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer! † (56) When she refuses, Chillingworth becomes an evil man, becoming uglier by the day.This shows that an unconfessed sin will kill you. Eventually, he becomes aware of the adultery with Hester and becomes Dimmesdale’s â€Å"leech. † After Dimmesdale dies, Chillingworth dies because he has no reason to live anymore. Based on Puritan beliefs, sin is an inescapable aspect of life. Hawthorne shows that Dimmesdale and Chillingworth both die because of their hidden sin. Contrary to this Hester, who confessed, lives a long, happy life. Since sin is inescapable, the only way to make up for it is by confessing or else the sin swill shadow you forever.